Báo cáo khoa học: Rejuvenation of a 100 yr old giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz) through in vitro meristem culture

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Báo cáo khoa học: "Rejuvenation of a 100 yr old giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz) through in vitro meristem culture"Rejuvenation of a 100 yr old giant sequoia(Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz)through in vitro meristem cultureO. Monteuuis M.C. Bon FranceAssociation For6t Cellulose (AFOCEL), Domaine-de-1’Etan!on, Nangis, 77370Introduction Experimental methods materials The mature and the juvenile were concurrently compared regarding their respec-Vegetative propagation is currently re- tive capacities for vegetative propagation, usingcognized as a powerful tool for forest tree propagation by cuttings, grafting and sub- sequently in vitro methods. These included sub-improvement to increase forest plantation cultures with sequential BAP (benzyla-yield (Zobel and Talbert, 1984). However, minopurine) treatments (Fouret et al., 1986),selected trees - the ortets - must develop micrografting (Monteuuis, 1987a) and meristemenough to reach a sufficient size for culture (Monteuuis, 1987b, 1988). Rejuvenationreliable evaluation of their genetic poten- of the mature material was evaluated through morphological - especially leaf form - andtial, which is accompanied in most cases organogenic capacity criteria, with reference toby a significant decrease of their capaci- known juvenile material. In addition, theseties for cloning by asexual propagation observations were supported by biochemicalmethods. In this context, the possibilities investigations (Bon, 1988).of cloning selected mature tree genotypestrue-to-type remain greatly influenced bythe prior rejuvenation of the ortets. This Resultsproblem was investigated at AFOCELusing Sequoiadendron giganteum Buch-holz. Under nursery conditions, the mature material failed to root, while the juvenile clone rooted but rooting ability denoted seasonal variations. Moreover, it wasMaterials and Methods shown that leaf form may be a reliable marker for rooting (Monteuuis, 1985). ThePlant material rejuvenation of the apical meristem of theThe mature material originated from a 100 yr scion resulting from grafting onto a youngold Sequoiadendron giganteum selected in seedling and expressed through a mor-situ. The easy-to-root juvenile clone used as the phological juvenile type reversion, wascontrol consisted of young cuttings derived from shortlived and did not induce any improve-a 2 yr old seedling. to be determinant inment of the rooting ability of the mature draud, 1987) provedmaterial. Similarly, despite using scions as successful meristem culture of ensuring the mature material. Thus, when removingsmall as 200-300 pm, rejuvenation at-tempts through in vitro micrografting led to the meristems at bud-break, it was pos- sible to regenerate a truly rejuvenatedonly temporary rejuvenation (Monteuuis, line. The rejuvenated plantlets exhibited1987a). Nevertheless, the fleeting mor-phological rejuvenation corresponded with the same morphological characteristicsthe meristem protein pattern associated and organogenic potentialities, includingwith juvenile material (Bon and Monteuuis, rooting abilities, as the juvenile clone. This rejuvenation has been maintained for1987). ...