Báo cáo khoa học: Silviculture of high-quality oaks: questions and future research needs

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Báo cáo khoa học: "Silviculture of high-quality oaks: questions and future research needs" Original article Silviculture of high-quality oaks: questions and future research needs GT Weaver H Spiecker 1 Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, PO Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071 USA; 2 Institut für Waldwachstum Bertoldstr 17, DW-7800 Freiburg, Germany (Received 6 January 1993; accepted 2 June 1993)Summary — Oak forestsare economically and ecologically important in Central Europe and easternUnited States of America. In the former oak forests are being returned by artificial regeneration tomany sites where oaks had been replaced by other species. Artificial and natural regeneration meth-ods are being sought. Coppice forests are being replaced by forests of seed origin on many sitesthroughout Central Europe. Methods using wider spacing and shorter rotations which produce high-quality timber adapted to site quality are being considered. In the USA reliable regeneration remainsa key silvicultural problem. Effective means of both artificial and natural regeneration are beingsought. Oak forest are and will be managed for a broader range of objectives in Central Europe andthe USA. Future research needs include ecophysiology, growth and development, regeneration, sil-vicultural systems and oak decline.Quercus spp / silviculture I ecology I coppice I high forest / Central Europe I USARésumé — Sylviculture des chênes de haute qualité. Questions et besoins en recherches fu-tures. Les forêts de chênes sont économiquement et écologiquement importantes en Europe etdans l’est des États-Unis d’Amérique. Dans le premier cas, les chênaies sont revenues grâce à la ré-génération artificielle sur de nombreux sites où elles avaient été remplacées par d’autres espèces.Des méthodes pour la régénération naturelle et artificielle sont recherchées. Les taillis sont rempla-cés par des futaies dans beaucoup d’endroits en Europe. Les méthodes utilisant de larges espace-ments et des rotations courtes qui produisent des bois de haute qualité adaptés aux stations sontmaintenant prises en considération. Aux États-Unis, une régénération efficace reste une des clés dela sylviculture. Des moyens performants de mise en œuvre de la régénération artificielle et de la ré-génération naturelle sont recherchés. Les chênaies sont et seront aménagées pour un très largeéventail d’objectifs en Europe et aux États-Unis. Les besoins futurs en recherche incluent l’écophy-siologie, la croissance et le développement, la régénération, les traitements sylvicoles et le dépéris-sement du chêne.Quercus spp / sylviculture / écologie / taillis / forêt / Europe centrale / États-Unis and effective pre- preparing appropriateINTRODUCTION scriptions. The history of present stands affectsThe Technical Session of P1 06 Improve- their current status, responses to treatmentment and Silviculture of Oaks, held during and potential for producing goods and ser-the IUFRO Centennial Meeting at Eber- vices. These factors have to be consideredswalde/Berlin in 1992, has 2 principal when preparing silvicultural prescriptions.goals: 1) to determine the status of oak sil- Coppice forests continue to predominate inviculture in Central Europe and the United many regions. These forests often produceStates; and 2) to identify research that stems of inferior quality and are generallysupports future management of oaks and regarded as less desirable than those fromoak forests. seeds or planted seedlings. A problem for Conditions, problems and trends identi- silviculturalists is to determine how best to by authors for various countries andfied convert these stands to high forests (thosemajor research needs have been summar- originating from seed). Often, several ageized in this paper. On behalf of the partici ...