Báo cáo khoa học: Some New Terminology

MT research requires cooperation between engineers and linguists. It is important, therefore, to develop a uniform linguistic terminology that can be understood and used by engineers. Furthermore, it is necessary that linguists develop an understanding of the engineering problems involved.
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Some New Terminology" [Mechanical Translation, vol.4, no.3, December 1957; pp. 52-53]Some New TerminologyErwin Reifler, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington M T research requires cooperation between engineers and linguists. It is impor- tant, therefore, to develop a uniform linguistic terminology that can be understood and used by engineers. Furthermore, it is necessary that linguists develop an un- derstanding of the engineering problems involved. The results of cooperation be- tween linguists and engineers working with the MT Pilot Model at the University of Washington are presented here.THE LINGUIST interested in pioneering in MT 3. Input Symbols include all contextual sym-h as to struggle with two difficult problems b ols that may appear in a source t ext.from the very outset: 1) the formulation of an 4. Output Symbols include:adequate linguistic terminology that can be un- a) Letter symbols of the target alphabetderstood and used by the engineer, and 2) an b) Symbols for the numeralsunderstanding of the engineering problems in- c) Punctuation symbolsv olved. During our eight years of MT re- d) Editing symbols — target symbols in-search at the University of Washington we have tended to aid in the interpretation of the MTh ad the great advantage of close cooperation product. Examples are subscript numbersbetween linguists and engineers. I wish to sub- which are attached to some target equivalentsm it for discussion under the heading of Ter- to pinpoint the field or fields of science to whichminology some of the results of this coopera- the scientific meanings of certain semantic unitstion. of the source language belong. (The term se- R ecent developments in MT research at the mantic unit will be explained below.)University of Washington have necessitated theredefinition of some old linguistic terms and 5. Free Symbol — a contextual symbol pre-the formulation of some new ones. They con- ceded and followed by space. It is alwayscern the concepts of MT symbols, i.e., all meaningful and always used to symbolize bothgraphic symbols used in the machine translation grammatical and non-grammatical meaning.process. These MT symbols consist of the A n example is English I.Control Symbols and Contextual Symbols. 6. Bound Symbol — a contextual symbol either1. Control Symbols — MT symbols which, n ot preceded or not followed, or neither pre-coded into the machine memory, control cer- ceded nor followed by space. We distinguisht ain steps in the translation process. Since a) Left-bound symbolsthey are not contextual symbols, they appear b) Right-bound symbolsneither in the input nor in the output. c) Twice-bound symbols2. Contextual Symbols — the minimal contex- 7. Meaningful Bound Symbol — a contextualt ual constituents used to produce a material symbol used to symbolize:s timulus for a machine-operational step rele- a) Grammatical meaning, i.e., left-boundvant for MT, such as an alphabetic letter, a s in fathers, fathers, the right-bound numerical figure, a dollar sign, a punctuation in s which indicates that the following s ismark, a single space. Contextual symbols a substantive ending, the twice-bound o inconsist of Input Symbols and Output Symbols. arterio-sclerosis. N ew Terminology 53 b) N on-grammatical meaning, i.e.., the 12. Meaningful Bound Symbol Sequence — al eft-bound g which distinguishes the meaning b ound symbol sequence used to symbolize:o f pang from that of pan, the right-bound a) G rammatical meaning, i . e . , left-bound s which distinguishes the meaning of span ren in children, and right-bound be inf rom that of pan, the twice-bound a distin- befall which changes the intransitive meaningg uishing the meaning of seat from that of o f to fall into a transitive meaning, twice- set. b ound ы в d istinguishing the grammatical mean- i ng of о писывать to describe (imperfective c) B oth grammatical and non-grammatical a spect) from that of о писать to describe’ (per-m eaning, i . e . , right-bound о distinguishing f ective aspect).t he grammatical and non-grammatical meaning b) N on-grammatical meaning, i.e., left-o f о писать describe’ (perfective aspect) from b ound et distinguishing the meaning of ballett hat of п исать write (imperfective aspect), ...