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Báo cáo khoa học: Stratégies d'occupation de l'espace par les petits ligneux après débroussaillement en région méditerranéenne française. Exemple d'un réseau de pare-feu dans l'Esterel
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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài: "Stratégies d’occupation de l’espace par les petits ligneux après débroussaillement en région méditerranéenne française. Exemple d’un réseau de pare-feu dans l’Esterel...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Stratégies d’occupation de l’espace par les petits ligneux après débroussaillement en région méditerranéenne française. Exemple d’un réseau de pare-feu dans l’Esterel" Article original Stratégies d’occupation de l’espace par les petits ligneux après débroussaillement en région méditerranéenne française. Exemple d’un réseau de pare-feu dans l’Esterel M Étienne, C Legrand, D Armand INRA, BP 91, Unité d’écodéveloppement, 84143 Montfavet, France (Reçu le 21 1991; accepté le 21 juin 1991 ) marsRésumé — La repousse de la strate arbustive de 6 fruticées typiques de peuplements forestiers dumassif de l’Esterel a été suivie pendant 6 ans sur des pare-feu créés il y a plus de 20 ans, et réguliè-rement entretenus depuis. II s’agit de faciès à cistes (Cistus salviaefolius, C monspeliensis et C albi-dus), à bruyères (Erica arborea et E scoparia), à myrte (Myrtus communis), à callune (Calluna vulga-ris), à calycotome (Calycotome spinosa) et à cytise triflore (Cytisus triflorus). L’analyse del’accroissement en volume et en poids montre des stratégies d’occupation de l’espace contrastéesselon les types de peuplement, avec des faciès à fort encombrement, faible phytomasse et colonisa-tion rapide (cytise, calycotome); des faciès à faible encombrement, forte phytomasse et colonisationrapide (callune); et des faciès à faible encombrement, faible phytomasse et colonisation lente(cistes).embroussaillement / pare-feu / phytomasse 1 phytovolume / vitesse / région méditerranéenneSummary — Spatial occupation strategy of shrublands after cutting in the French Mediterra-nean region. Growth rate of shrubs after cutting is the determining factor when programming scrubclearing schedules in fuel-break networks, especially when their maintenance is partly carried out bylivestock grazing. As vegetation grows quickly on acid soils, 6 types of shrublands were studied for 6years in the Esterel hills (southeastern France). These plant communities were growing in 20-year-old fuel-breaks (cut regularly) and were dominated by Calluna vulgaris in the first Calycotome spino-sa in the second, Cytisus triflorus in the third, Erica arborea and E scoparia in the fourth, Myrtuscommunis and Pistacia lentiscus in the fifth and Cistus salviaefolius, C monspeliensis and C albidusin the last. A permanent belt transect 20 m long and 50 cm wide was measured every year in June,just after the spring growth. This method gave brushwood amount, fuel stock and browse biomass.A volumetric space factor was used to estimate brushwood amount and aerial biomass was calcula-ted to evaluate fuel stock. Multiple regression models (table I) classified the shrublands into 3 groupsaccording to biomass or volume growth. An index based on biomass corrected by a coefficient inver-sely proportional to the initial shrubland cover classified shrublands in relation to their fuel productionpotential (table II). Volume data are compared with the current volume in the controls (table III) andwith the regression models of the dominant species (table V). Changes in the dominant species ratioare also commented on (table IV). The analysis of biomass and volume growth rates gave 2 oppo-sing strategies: Calluna and Cytisus stands sprouted vigorously and then their growth rate decreasedsteadily, while the other stands, after a slow start increased their growth rate constantly until thefourth year (fig 1). A preliminary growth rate model grouping all the stands with similar dominant spe-cies is proposed (fig 2). Altogether, each type of shrubland can be characterized by a particular stra-tegy of spatial occupation: Cytisus or Calycotome stands developed large volume, light biomass andrapidly spreading shrublands; Calluna formed low volume, heavy biomass and rapidly spreadingheathlands; while Cistus dominance generated low volume, light biomass and slowly spreadingrangelands.shrub encroachment / fire-break / biomass / bulk volume / growth rate / Mediterranean regionINTRODUCTION saillement la plus efficace vis-à-vis du mi- lieu concerné. Dans but, la dynamique de peuple- ceLes premières actions de protection de la ments arbustifs variés a été suivie pendantforêt méditerranéenne française contre les réseau de pare-feu de l’Este- ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Stratégies d’occupation de l’espace par les petits ligneux après débroussaillement en région méditerranéenne française. Exemple d’un réseau de pare-feu dans l’Esterel" Article original Stratégies d’occupation de l’espace par les petits ligneux après débroussaillement en région méditerranéenne française. Exemple d’un réseau de pare-feu dans l’Esterel M Étienne, C Legrand, D Armand INRA, BP 91, Unité d’écodéveloppement, 84143 Montfavet, France (Reçu le 21 1991; accepté le 21 juin 1991 ) marsRésumé — La repousse de la strate arbustive de 6 fruticées typiques de peuplements forestiers dumassif de l’Esterel a été suivie pendant 6 ans sur des pare-feu créés il y a plus de 20 ans, et réguliè-rement entretenus depuis. II s’agit de faciès à cistes (Cistus salviaefolius, C monspeliensis et C albi-dus), à bruyères (Erica arborea et E scoparia), à myrte (Myrtus communis), à callune (Calluna vulga-ris), à calycotome (Calycotome spinosa) et à cytise triflore (Cytisus triflorus). L’analyse del’accroissement en volume et en poids montre des stratégies d’occupation de l’espace contrastéesselon les types de peuplement, avec des faciès à fort encombrement, faible phytomasse et colonisa-tion rapide (cytise, calycotome); des faciès à faible encombrement, forte phytomasse et colonisationrapide (callune); et des faciès à faible encombrement, faible phytomasse et colonisation lente(cistes).embroussaillement / pare-feu / phytomasse 1 phytovolume / vitesse / région méditerranéenneSummary — Spatial occupation strategy of shrublands after cutting in the French Mediterra-nean region. Growth rate of shrubs after cutting is the determining factor when programming scrubclearing schedules in fuel-break networks, especially when their maintenance is partly carried out bylivestock grazing. As vegetation grows quickly on acid soils, 6 types of shrublands were studied for 6years in the Esterel hills (southeastern France). These plant communities were growing in 20-year-old fuel-breaks (cut regularly) and were dominated by Calluna vulgaris in the first Calycotome spino-sa in the second, Cytisus triflorus in the third, Erica arborea and E scoparia in the fourth, Myrtuscommunis and Pistacia lentiscus in the fifth and Cistus salviaefolius, C monspeliensis and C albidusin the last. A permanent belt transect 20 m long and 50 cm wide was measured every year in June,just after the spring growth. This method gave brushwood amount, fuel stock and browse biomass.A volumetric space factor was used to estimate brushwood amount and aerial biomass was calcula-ted to evaluate fuel stock. Multiple regression models (table I) classified the shrublands into 3 groupsaccording to biomass or volume growth. An index based on biomass corrected by a coefficient inver-sely proportional to the initial shrubland cover classified shrublands in relation to their fuel productionpotential (table II). Volume data are compared with the current volume in the controls (table III) andwith the regression models of the dominant species (table V). Changes in the dominant species ratioare also commented on (table IV). The analysis of biomass and volume growth rates gave 2 oppo-sing strategies: Calluna and Cytisus stands sprouted vigorously and then their growth rate decreasedsteadily, while the other stands, after a slow start increased their growth rate constantly until thefourth year (fig 1). A preliminary growth rate model grouping all the stands with similar dominant spe-cies is proposed (fig 2). Altogether, each type of shrubland can be characterized by a particular stra-tegy of spatial occupation: Cytisus or Calycotome stands developed large volume, light biomass andrapidly spreading shrublands; Calluna formed low volume, heavy biomass and rapidly spreadingheathlands; while Cistus dominance generated low volume, light biomass and slowly spreadingrangelands.shrub encroachment / fire-break / biomass / bulk volume / growth rate / Mediterranean regionINTRODUCTION saillement la plus efficace vis-à-vis du mi- lieu concerné. Dans but, la dynamique de peuple- ceLes premières actions de protection de la ments arbustifs variés a été suivie pendantforêt méditerranéenne française contre les réseau de pare-feu de l’Este- ...
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