Báo cáo khoa học: Structure and development of vegetative buds, from the lower crown of Picea abies

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Báo cáo khoa học: "Structure and development of vegetative buds, from the lower crown of Picea abies" Original article Structure and development of vegetative buds, from the lower crown of Picea abies A E Obarska Hejnowicz, Department of Genetics, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland 8 March 20 December 1993; (Received 1995) acceptedSummary — Seasonal changes in the development of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) vege-tative buds in the lower crown position of 4 18-year-old free standing grafts in the climatic conditionsof Poland are described. Bud awakening varies with the season while the end of shoot elongation, afterabout 6 weeks, seems to be weather independent. Mitotic activity of the embryonic shoot starts about1 month before bud-burst. The new winter bud develops in 2 periods of bud scale primordia initiation(autumn and spring) and 1 period of needle primordia initiation (during summer). The curves of apicaldome size (width and height) have 2 peaks: the 1 st one, in late April just before the 1 st spring bud scaleprimordium emerges, and the 2nd one, during the time of rapid needle initiation (mid-August). Thereis seasonal variation in starch accumulation. Starch is absent in the dormant bud. In the developing bud,starch is associated with areas of high morphogenic activity.Picea abies / spruce / vegetative bud / anatomy / developmentRésumé — Structure et développement des bourgeons végétatifs de la partie basse de la cou-ronne de Picea abies. L’étude porte sur les changements au cours du temps, et dans les conditionsclimatiques de la Pologne, observés dans le développement de bourgeons végétatifs situés dans la par-tie basse de la couronne d’épicéas communs (Picea abies (L) Karst). Elle concerne 4 arbres greffés,âgés de 18 ans, et poussant hors concurrence. La reprise de croissance des bourgeons varie selon lesconditions saisonnières propres à chaque année, alors que la fin d’élongation des pousses, environ 6sem après le débourrement, semble indépendante du climat. L’activité mitotique de la jeune poussesituée dans le bourgeon commence environ un mois avant le débourrement. Le nouveau bourgeon hiver-nal se développe en 2 temps pour ce qui est de l’initiation des primordia d’écailles de ce bourgeon (àl’automne et au printemps), et en un seul temps pour l’initiation des primordia d’aiguilles (durant l’été).Les courbes de croissance en diamètre et en hauteur du dome apical présentent 2 pics : le premier finavril, juste avant que n’émergent les primordia des premières écailles de printemps, le second durantla période de rapide initiation des primordia d’aiguilles (mi-août). On observe une variation saison-nière dans l’accumulation de l’amidon. Il est absent dans les bourgeons dormants alors que, dansles bourgeons en développement, il est associé aux zones présentant une forte activité morphogénétique.Picea abies / épicéa / bourgeon végétatif / anatomie / développementINTRODUCTION 1992 - from 03.05 to 11.10 weekly. Also information was used from another study on the same clone and on ramets of the same of vegetative buds from theDevelopment age. Material was collected: in Picea abies was studied.lower crownThere are several reports on this topic con- 1988 - from 01.06 to 05.16 and 07.11, weekly,cerning Picea species other than Picea 08.23abies (eg, Owens et al, 1977; Pillai and 1989 - 01.27, 05.02, 05.03, 05.11, 05.12, 06.20,Chacko, 1978; Tompsett, 1978; Harrison 07.25, 09.19and Owens, 1983; Skupchenko, 1984). Our 1990 - 03.23, 10.10.6 years of study on bud development in Nor- Buds with or without scales (depending on theway spruce concerned: stage of bud development) were fixed in Craf solu-i) seasonal development of the vegetative tion (in proportion: 0.8 g chromic acid, 3 ml glacialbud (manifestation of bud awakening, mor- acetic acid and 20 ml 40% formaldehyde). Sp ...