Báo cáo khoa học: Syntax and Interpretation

This paper describes a model of syntactical analysis. It shows first how a context-free grammar formalism can be modified in order to reduce the number of rules required by a natural language, and second, how this formalism can be extended to the handling of some non-contextfree phenomena. The description of the algorithm is also given.
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Syntax and Interpretation" [Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol.9, no.2, June 1966] Syntax and Interpretation* by B. Vauquois, G. Veillon, and J. Veyrunes, C.E.T.A., Grenoble, France This paper describes a model of syntactical analysis. It shows first how a context-free grammar formalism can be modified in order to reduce the number of rules required by a natural language, and second, how this formalism can be extended to the handling of some non-context- free phenomena. The description of the algorithm is also given. The process of discontinuous constituents is performed by transformations. artificial language of this model?” If so, all the struc-Introduction tures associated with that string must be found.In a mechanical translation system based on a succes- b) The interpretative part on which depends thesion of models (where each model represents a level linkage with the models of higher level.of the source language or of the target language), one As for the synthesis part, this diagram corresponds,must establish their linkage. In the phase of analysis one or two variations excepted, to the model of a(related to the source language) the linkage paths linguistic automaton proposed by S. Lamb.1are called “directed upward” as the successive models The simplest example is that of the morphologicalcorrespond to hierarchical levels which are more and model M1: the decision problem of the formal partmore elevated in the language, whereas in the phase of consists in the acceptance or the rejection of a stringsynthesis (related to the target language) the linkage of morphemes as being a possible form of a word ofpaths are directed downward. that language. The syntactical interpretation of an The analysis of a text of the source language L con- accepted string consists in transforming it into ele-sists in finding, within the model of the highest level ments of the terminal vocabulary of the syntactical(called model M3), a formula, or a sequence of for- model (syntactical category, values of the grammat-mulas, the representation of which in L is the given ical variables, prohibited rules). The sememic inter-text. If each formula of M3 is represented in L by pretation of this same string consists in giving itsat least one sentence of L, we have a so-called sen- meaning either in the form of equivalents in the tar-tence-by-sentence analysis. All sentences of L which get language, or in the form of semantic units in anare the different representations of one and the intermediate language.same formula of M3 are called “equivalent” with The study of the syntactical model M2 is muchrespect to the model. Every sentence of L which more complicated. The formal part of this model like-is a representation that two or more formulas of M3 wise consists in resolving a decision problem. Givenhave in common, is called “ambiguous” in the model. ...