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Báo cáo khoa học: The effect of light acclimation of single leaves on whole tree growth and competition – an application of the tree growth model ALMIS
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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài: The effect of light acclimation of single leaves on whole tree growth and competition – an application of the tree growth model ALMIS...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "The effect of light acclimation of single leaves on whole tree growth and competition – an application of the tree growth model ALMIS" 599Ann. For. Sci. 57 (2000) 599–609© INRA, EDP Sciences Original article The effect of light acclimation of single leaves on whole tree growth and competition – an application of the tree growth model ALMIS Christiane Eschenbach* Ecology Center of the University of Kiel, Schauenburger Str. 112, D-24118 Kiel, Germany (Received 29 June 1999; accepted 15 February 2000)Abstract – Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. (Gaertn.)) is a light-demanding, fast growing tree species, widespread but always restrict-ed to wet habitats. Because no sun and shade leaves can be distinguished within the alder crown, the question arises whether thesespecific photosynthetic characteristics may contribute to alder’s low competitiveness. A functional-structural tree growth model(“ALMIS”), based on an object oriented approach, was developed and parameterized using data from extensive investigations of analder forest in Northern Germany. The basic model structure is described, especially focusing on carbon dynamics. ALMIS was usedto study the effects of light acclimation of single leaves on whole plant growth and competition. Different photosynthetic types weresimulated to grow either in isolation or in competition which each other. When grown in isolation over an extended period, a modeltree with exclusively shade leaves accumulated less total biomass than one with exclusively sun leaves, but a tree with the capacity toacclimate the leaves to the low light conditions in the inner crown grew the most. Inter-tree competition enhanced the advantage ofleaf acclimation for whole plant growth.functional-structural growth model / photosynthesis / acclimation / shade leaves / Alnus glutinosaRésumé – Effets de l’adaptation des feuilles à la lumière sur la croissance globale de l’arbre et la compétition – une applica-tion du modèle de croissance ALMIS. L’Aulne noir (Alnus glutinosa L. (Gaertn.)) est une espèce à croissance rapide exigeante enlumière. Elle est répandue, mais toujours localisée aux habitats humides. Comme il n’est pas possible de différencier dans la canopéeles feuilles d’ombre de celles de lumière, la question se pose de savoir si ses caractéristiques photosynthétiques peuvent contribuer àla faible compétitivité de l’Aulne. Un modèle de croissance à fonction structurelle (ALMIS), basé sur l’approche orientée objet, a étédéveloppé et paramétrisé à partir des données résultant d’une investigation extensive dans une forêt d’aulne dans le Nord del’Allemagne. La structure du modèle de base est décrite, spécialement pour la partie dynamique du carbone. ALMIS a été utilisé pourétudier les effets de l’adaptation des feuilles à la lumière sur la croissance globale et la compétition. Différentes conditions photosyn-thétiques ont été simulées pour la croissance, soit en condition isolée, soit en condition de compétition entre elles. Dans le cas de lacroissance en condition isolée pour une longue période, le modèle d’arbre avec uniquement des feuilles d’ombre accumule moins debiomasse totale que ceux avec uniquement des feuilles de lumière. Mais un arbre qui aurait la capacité d’adaptation de ses feuillesaux conditions de lumière au sein de sa canopée aurait une meilleure croissance. La compétition entre arbre améliore les avantages del’adaptation des feuilles vis-à-vis de la croissance globale de la plante.modèle de croissance à fonction structurelle / photosynthèse / adaptation / feuilles d’ombre / Alnus glutinosa* Correspondence and reprintsTel. +431 880-4035; Fax. +431 880-4083; e-mail: christia@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.de600 C. Eschenbach 1. INTRODUCTION For large and long-lived species such as trees, the long-term effects of acclimation phenomena on whole plant growth cannot easily be investigated experimental- Acclimation, as a phenotypic response to different ly. Simulation models provide a useful tool to describecombinations of environmental factors, is a well known and study such effects. Previous studies dealing withphenomenon in plant (eco)physiology [29]. Structural ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "The effect of light acclimation of single leaves on whole tree growth and competition – an application of the tree growth model ALMIS" 599Ann. For. Sci. 57 (2000) 599–609© INRA, EDP Sciences Original article The effect of light acclimation of single leaves on whole tree growth and competition – an application of the tree growth model ALMIS Christiane Eschenbach* Ecology Center of the University of Kiel, Schauenburger Str. 112, D-24118 Kiel, Germany (Received 29 June 1999; accepted 15 February 2000)Abstract – Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. (Gaertn.)) is a light-demanding, fast growing tree species, widespread but always restrict-ed to wet habitats. Because no sun and shade leaves can be distinguished within the alder crown, the question arises whether thesespecific photosynthetic characteristics may contribute to alder’s low competitiveness. A functional-structural tree growth model(“ALMIS”), based on an object oriented approach, was developed and parameterized using data from extensive investigations of analder forest in Northern Germany. The basic model structure is described, especially focusing on carbon dynamics. ALMIS was usedto study the effects of light acclimation of single leaves on whole plant growth and competition. Different photosynthetic types weresimulated to grow either in isolation or in competition which each other. When grown in isolation over an extended period, a modeltree with exclusively shade leaves accumulated less total biomass than one with exclusively sun leaves, but a tree with the capacity toacclimate the leaves to the low light conditions in the inner crown grew the most. Inter-tree competition enhanced the advantage ofleaf acclimation for whole plant growth.functional-structural growth model / photosynthesis / acclimation / shade leaves / Alnus glutinosaRésumé – Effets de l’adaptation des feuilles à la lumière sur la croissance globale de l’arbre et la compétition – une applica-tion du modèle de croissance ALMIS. L’Aulne noir (Alnus glutinosa L. (Gaertn.)) est une espèce à croissance rapide exigeante enlumière. Elle est répandue, mais toujours localisée aux habitats humides. Comme il n’est pas possible de différencier dans la canopéeles feuilles d’ombre de celles de lumière, la question se pose de savoir si ses caractéristiques photosynthétiques peuvent contribuer àla faible compétitivité de l’Aulne. Un modèle de croissance à fonction structurelle (ALMIS), basé sur l’approche orientée objet, a étédéveloppé et paramétrisé à partir des données résultant d’une investigation extensive dans une forêt d’aulne dans le Nord del’Allemagne. La structure du modèle de base est décrite, spécialement pour la partie dynamique du carbone. ALMIS a été utilisé pourétudier les effets de l’adaptation des feuilles à la lumière sur la croissance globale et la compétition. Différentes conditions photosyn-thétiques ont été simulées pour la croissance, soit en condition isolée, soit en condition de compétition entre elles. Dans le cas de lacroissance en condition isolée pour une longue période, le modèle d’arbre avec uniquement des feuilles d’ombre accumule moins debiomasse totale que ceux avec uniquement des feuilles de lumière. Mais un arbre qui aurait la capacité d’adaptation de ses feuillesaux conditions de lumière au sein de sa canopée aurait une meilleure croissance. La compétition entre arbre améliore les avantages del’adaptation des feuilles vis-à-vis de la croissance globale de la plante.modèle de croissance à fonction structurelle / photosynthèse / adaptation / feuilles d’ombre / Alnus glutinosa* Correspondence and reprintsTel. +431 880-4035; Fax. +431 880-4083; e-mail: christia@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.de600 C. Eschenbach 1. INTRODUCTION For large and long-lived species such as trees, the long-term effects of acclimation phenomena on whole plant growth cannot easily be investigated experimental- Acclimation, as a phenotypic response to different ly. Simulation models provide a useful tool to describecombinations of environmental factors, is a well known and study such effects. Previous studies dealing withphenomenon in plant (eco)physiology [29]. Structural ...
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