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Báo cáo khoa học: Utilisation d'une chambre de transpiration portable pour l'estimation de l'évapotranspiration d'un sous-bois de pin maritime à molinie (Molinia coerulea (L) Moench) D Loustau
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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài:"Utilisation d’une chambre de transpiration portable pour l’estimation de l’évapotranspiration d’un sous-bois de pin maritime à molinie (Molinia coerulea (L) Moench) D Loustau...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Utilisation d’une chambre de transpiration portable pour l’estimation de l’évapotranspiration d’un sous-bois de pin maritime à molinie (Molinia coerulea (L) Moench) D Loustau" Article original Utilisation d’une chambre de transpiration portable pour l’estimation de l’évapotranspiration d’un sous-bois de pin maritime à molinie (Molinia coerulea (L) Moench) D Loustau H Cochard M Guédon M Sartore INRA, Recherches forestières, laboratoire d’écophysiologie et nutrition, domaine de l’Hermitage BP 45, 33610 Cestas, France le 6 avril 1990; 15 octobre accepté le 1990) (ReçuRésumé — Une chambre de transpiration légère, close, couvrant une surface au sol de 0,5 m a 2été utilisée pour mesurer l’évapotranspiration (ET) de touffes de molinie en sous-bois d’un peuple-ment de 19 ans de pin maritime. L’ET horaire et journalière du sous-bois et sa conductance de cou-vert ont été estimées au cours de 13 journées de mesure réalisées sur 2 saisons de croissance en1988 et en 1989. Ces mesures sont comparées avec la transpiration des arbres estimée à partir demesures de flux de sève. Quand le stock hydrique du sol est supérieur à 40 mm, l’évapotranspira-tion de la molinie est comprise entre 1 et 1,5 mm/j. Elle correspond à 1/3 de celle des arbres et re-présente une fraction constante de l’ETP à 1 m. La conductance de couvert du sous-bois est globa-lement constante pendant la journée et varie entre 0,4 et 0,5 cm.s Au cours de l’été, quand le . -1stock hydrique diminue en dessous de 40 mm, l’évapotranspiration et la conductance de couvert dela molinie diminuent d’un facteur 2-3. La transpiration du pin maritime présente un comportementdifférent : elle est réduite dès que le stock descend en dessous de 55 mm, et dans des proportionsplus importantes.conductance de couvert / sécheresse édaphique / indice foliaire / variation saisonnièreSummary —.Use of a portable transpiration chamber for estimating the evapotranspiration ofthe understory of a maritime pine stand. Water stress is frequent in stands of maritime pine inSouthwest France and silvicultural practices should be optimized with this factor in mind. The con-sumption of available water by the vegetation of the understory has not been quantified, though itshould be taken into account in management practices such as thinning or fertilization. This paperreports the results of measurements of hourly and daily evapotranspiration (ET) of a 19-yr-old mari-time pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait) stand understory. A portable closed transpiration chamber covering aprojected area of 0.5 m was used to measure the ET from purple heath grass (Molinia coerulea (L) 2Moench) which accounted for more than 90% of the leaf area index of the understory. The ET wasdetermined by enclosing tussocks and measuring the variations of dew-point temperature for 1 min.From these measurements, both the daily and hourly ET of the understory was estimated for 13 d in1988 and 1989. The canopy conductance of the understory was also estimated. These results werecompared with the transpiration of pine computed from sap flow measurements. When the total* Correspondance et tirés à part. 1 and of the rooted zonewas above 40 mm, the ET of the understory varied between water content ; -1 mm·day it remained constant in relation to the Penman PET measured at 1 m above the 1.5 ground. This corresponded to 1/3 of the transpiration of the trees. Understory canopy conductance re- mained fairly constant throughout the day and fluctuated between 0.4 and 0.5 cm·s When the soil . -1 water content dropped below 40 mm, the ET and the canopy conductance of the understory were re- duced by a factor of 2-3. The transpiration of pines was more sensitive to soil water deficit and was reduced by a factor of 4 to 6 when the soil water content dropped below 55 mm. canopy condu ...
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Báo cáo khoa học: "Utilisation d’une chambre de transpiration portable pour l’estimation de l’évapotranspiration d’un sous-bois de pin maritime à molinie (Molinia coerulea (L) Moench) D Loustau" Article original Utilisation d’une chambre de transpiration portable pour l’estimation de l’évapotranspiration d’un sous-bois de pin maritime à molinie (Molinia coerulea (L) Moench) D Loustau H Cochard M Guédon M Sartore INRA, Recherches forestières, laboratoire d’écophysiologie et nutrition, domaine de l’Hermitage BP 45, 33610 Cestas, France le 6 avril 1990; 15 octobre accepté le 1990) (ReçuRésumé — Une chambre de transpiration légère, close, couvrant une surface au sol de 0,5 m a 2été utilisée pour mesurer l’évapotranspiration (ET) de touffes de molinie en sous-bois d’un peuple-ment de 19 ans de pin maritime. L’ET horaire et journalière du sous-bois et sa conductance de cou-vert ont été estimées au cours de 13 journées de mesure réalisées sur 2 saisons de croissance en1988 et en 1989. Ces mesures sont comparées avec la transpiration des arbres estimée à partir demesures de flux de sève. Quand le stock hydrique du sol est supérieur à 40 mm, l’évapotranspira-tion de la molinie est comprise entre 1 et 1,5 mm/j. Elle correspond à 1/3 de celle des arbres et re-présente une fraction constante de l’ETP à 1 m. La conductance de couvert du sous-bois est globa-lement constante pendant la journée et varie entre 0,4 et 0,5 cm.s Au cours de l’été, quand le . -1stock hydrique diminue en dessous de 40 mm, l’évapotranspiration et la conductance de couvert dela molinie diminuent d’un facteur 2-3. La transpiration du pin maritime présente un comportementdifférent : elle est réduite dès que le stock descend en dessous de 55 mm, et dans des proportionsplus importantes.conductance de couvert / sécheresse édaphique / indice foliaire / variation saisonnièreSummary —.Use of a portable transpiration chamber for estimating the evapotranspiration ofthe understory of a maritime pine stand. Water stress is frequent in stands of maritime pine inSouthwest France and silvicultural practices should be optimized with this factor in mind. The con-sumption of available water by the vegetation of the understory has not been quantified, though itshould be taken into account in management practices such as thinning or fertilization. This paperreports the results of measurements of hourly and daily evapotranspiration (ET) of a 19-yr-old mari-time pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait) stand understory. A portable closed transpiration chamber covering aprojected area of 0.5 m was used to measure the ET from purple heath grass (Molinia coerulea (L) 2Moench) which accounted for more than 90% of the leaf area index of the understory. The ET wasdetermined by enclosing tussocks and measuring the variations of dew-point temperature for 1 min.From these measurements, both the daily and hourly ET of the understory was estimated for 13 d in1988 and 1989. The canopy conductance of the understory was also estimated. These results werecompared with the transpiration of pine computed from sap flow measurements. When the total* Correspondance et tirés à part. 1 and of the rooted zonewas above 40 mm, the ET of the understory varied between water content ; -1 mm·day it remained constant in relation to the Penman PET measured at 1 m above the 1.5 ground. This corresponded to 1/3 of the transpiration of the trees. Understory canopy conductance re- mained fairly constant throughout the day and fluctuated between 0.4 and 0.5 cm·s When the soil . -1 water content dropped below 40 mm, the ET and the canopy conductance of the understory were re- duced by a factor of 2-3. The transpiration of pines was more sensitive to soil water deficit and was reduced by a factor of 4 to 6 when the soil water content dropped below 55 mm. canopy condu ...
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