Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: Internal levels of plant growth regulators during in vitro culture of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)

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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Internal levels of plant growth regulators during in vitro culture of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)"Internal levels of plant growth regulatorsduring in vitro culture of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)P. Label 1 D. Cornu 2 B. Sotta E. Miginiac1INRA, Station dAm6lioration des Arbres Forestiers, Ardon, 45160 Olivet, and2 des Plantes, 4, Université P.-et-M.-Curie, Laboratoire de Physiologie du pl. DweloppementJussieu, T53-E5, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France Hormonal measurements were made duringIntroduction the multiplication and the rooting stages. For each measurement, 48 explants were dividedIn vitro micropropagation of wild cherry is into 3 parts: the apical part, including the apex sensu stricto and the youngest leaves insertedpresently one of the main commercial in the short internodes of the stem tip; theways to clonally propagate this species middle part of the explants, bearing the oldest(Cornu and Boulay, 1986). In order to leaves at the axis, whose axillary buds startedextend this technique to a large number of to grow during multiplication treatment; and theclones, it seems necessary to improve our basal part including the portion of the stem inserted into the culture medium, where rootsknowledge of the behavior of the explants were formed during the rooting stage.during the in vitro culture. Since plant For each series, explants were collected 0, 1,growth regulators (PGR) play an important 2, 4 and 8 d after their transfer into freshrole in this technique (Margara, 1961), our and medium. Frozen lyophilized samples wereattention was drawn to the effect of exo- ground up with ball mill. Analytical measure- a ments were made following the proceduregenous PGR on hormonal levels in the reported elsewhere (Label et al., 1989). Tech-explants. niques used were methanolic extraction, HPLC purification and fractionation, and immunolog- ical measurement (ELISA), (Leroux et aL, 1985; Maldiney et al., 1986; Sotta et al., 1987; LabelMaterials and Methods and Sotta, 1988). ELISA measurements were repeated 5 times. Mean values are given.Wild cherry explants were cultured according tothe procedure described by Riffaud and Cornu(1981The micropropagation technique can beschematically divided into 3 stages: the multipli- Resultscation stage, when axillary bud growth ispromoted by an almost equal amount of indole- Morphological development3-butyric acid (IBA, 4.9 pM) and benzyladenine(BA, 4.4 pM) in the culture medium; the elonga-tion phase which was not studied; and the Under standard multiplication conditionsrooting phase, in which IBA (4.9 pM) alonepromoted root formation. (Fig. 1 A, B and C), axillary buds located in observable on d 5 and, after 3 wk ofthe middle part of the explants started togrow on d 4 and, after 4 wk of culture, the culture, 80% of the explants had at leastmultiplication rate was 3. When IBA was root. When IBA was omitted from this oneomitted from this culture medium (Fig. 1 B culture medium (Fig. 1 D), 3% of the explants were rooted at the 3rd wk.and C), no multiplication was observable;moreover, 82% of the explants werenecrotic at the 4th wk. When BA was ...