Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học COCOA DRYING USING SOLAR DRIER

Sấy ca cao là một bước quan trọng trong chế biến ca cao không chỉ cho mục đích bảo quản nhưng cũng làchính ảnh hưởng đến hương vị và chất lượng của các sản phẩm ca cao. Tám máy sấy năng lượng mặt trời được thiết kế, xây dựngvà thử nghiệm tại Đại học Cần Thơ, Đại học Nông Lâm, Khoa học Nông nghiệp Tây NguyênViện, nông hộ nhỏ ở Cần Thơ, Bến Tre, tỉnh Đắk Lắk từ năm 2006. Kết quả chứng minhrằng trong điều kiện rõ ràng nắng, nhiệt độ trong máy sấy năng lượng mặt trời có...
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Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " COCOA DRYING USING SOLAR DRIER "Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Program COCOA DRYING USING SOLAR DRIERProject title: Cocoa fermentation, drying and quality assessment in VietnamProject code: CARD 013/05VIEAuthors: Nguyen Van Thanh1, Huynh Xuan Phong1, Neil Hollywood2 and Ha Thanh Toan3Project implementing organizations: 1 Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Vietnam 2 Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Australia 3 Can Tho University, VietnamSUMMARYDrying of cocoa is an important step in cocoa processing not only for preservative purpose but also isthe main affect to flavour and quality of cocoa products. Eight solar driers were designed, constructedand tested at Can Tho University, Nong Lam University, Western Highlands Agricultural S cienceInstitute, smallholders in Can Tho, Ben Tre, and Dak Lak provinces since 2006. Results demonstratethat in clear sunny conditions, temperatures in the solar drier can obtain around 60oC. Temperaturesin the solar drier are always higher than ambient about 10 to 15oC even at night. In the dry season,cocoa beans could be dried only on 4 to 5 days and 6 to 7 days in the wet season. When cocoa beanscould be dried effectively will be avoid over fermentation and reduce mould contamination. These arevery important because over fermentation and mould contamination can produce some off -flavoursand lead to down-grading of the cocoa. Using the solar drier (450, 250 and 100 kg/time) will help toshorten the time of drying, reduce loss of cocoa and labour, improve the quality of cocoa, andincrease income of smallholders. increasing needs for cocoa bean. Consumption1. Introduction has increased on average by 3.5% per annumWest Africa is the main cocoa producing area over recent years and is projected to increasewith amounting to about 72% of the world by 1.5 - 3.5 per annum over the coming 5 yearscocoa production. Four major West Africa (Knight, 1999).countries are Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, In 1998, the Ministry of Agriculture and Ruraland Cameroon. Pacific Asia area accounts for Development carried to investigate cocoa treeabout 15% and America is 13% of 3.5 million and set a new goal of having 100,000 ha oftons cocoa beans in over the world (Phuoc, planted cocoa by 2010. Vietnamese Cocoa2006). According to the ICCO, the world will Development team was established in Marchbe lack about 102,000 tons cocoa bean in 2010 2005. The aims are impulse the development- 2011 because of the decreasing of cocoa bean of cocoa cultivation and recognized the cocoain 2008 - 2009 crops. There are some reasons as a new long-time industrial tree in Vietnam.that lead to decrease cocoa production are By the end of year 2006, the total cocoa hasinsecurity politics, natural calamity, old and been inter-plant on plantations about 7,300 hastunted cocoa tree, lack of land in some main with some major provinces are Ben Tre, Tiencocoa producing countries. For some nine Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Dak Lak, and Binhdecades, global cocoa production has increased Phuoc (Hoa, 2007).steadily and consistently to keep with the ever- 118 CARD 013/05 VIE – Cocoa fermentation and dryingDrying of cocoa is an important step in cocoa One on many major activities of the scientificprocessing not only for preservative purpose project “Cocoa Fermentation, Drying andbut also is the main affect to flavour and Quality Assessment in Vietnam” is apply andquality of cocoa products. In many countries, test the solar drier for cocoa drying. The solarincluding parts of Vietnam, sun drying is the drier has be studied, constructed, and improvedmain method to dry cocoa beans. This is a very by the Cocoa Research team betweensimple method and the most effective to drying Queensland Department of Primary Industriesof cocoa bean. This allows acids in the cocoa and Fisheries, Australia and Biotechnologyto evaporate off and produce a low acid, high R&D Institute, Can Tho University (CTU).cocoa flavoured product. However, in the Solar driers have a drying bed in center andunfavourable condition of the weather, two beside right triangle wings. They usesespecially in the wet season, the drying takes rocks painted black to collect heat from the sunlonger, cocoa may will be over fermentation and vent the hot air through the drying bed,and mould contamination that can produce especially at night time when the ...