Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học CONTROLLING RICE KERNEL CRACKING IN THE FIELD AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES IN THE MEKONG DELTA

Mục tiêu của dự án CARD 026/VIE-05 để nâng cao chất lượng và giá trị của lúa, thông qua mộtphương pháp tiếp cận tích hợp trong đó bao gồm nông dân, xay xát, các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ và cán bộ khuyến nôngvà tổ chức giáo dục. Từ tháng 4 năm 2006 đến tháng 11 năm 2009, dự án này đã tiến hành thí nghiệm trênthu hoạch thời gian và phương pháp, phẳng giường sấy, khô sôi giường, và hiệu suất xay xát. Đó làthấy rằng bất kỳ sự chậm trễ hoặc kéo dài thời gian thu hoạch có...
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Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " CONTROLLING RICE KERNEL CRACKING IN THE FIELD AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES IN THE MEKONG DELTA "Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Program CONTROLLING RICE KERNEL CRACKING IN THE FIELD AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES IN THE MEKONG DELTAProject title: Investigation of rice kernel cracking and its control in the field and during post -harvest processes in the Mekong Delta of VietnamProject code: CARD 026/05VIE Vinh Truong1, Tuyen T. Truong1, Bhesh Bhandari2 & Shu Fukai2Authors:Project implementing organizations: 1 Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc District, HCMC, Viet Nam 2 The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, AustraliaSUMMARYThe objectives of CARD project 026/VIE-05 were to improve the quality and value of rice, through anintegrated approach which encompasses farmers, millers, service providers and extension workersand education institution. From April 2006 to November 2009, this project conducted experiments onharvesting time and method, flat-bed drying, fluidised-bed drying, and milling performance. It wasfound that any delay or longer harvesting time can cause more losses. An optimal harvesting time forhighest head rice yield of some main rice varieties has been proposed by this project. Theperformance of flat bed drying was improved for bester rice quality. Fluidised bed drying followed bytempering above glass transition temperature of rice then tower drying or ventilation was found to bea potential drying technology for high moisture paddy. The milling is another important factor toimprove the head rice yield. Dehusking using rubber roll will improve HRY in comparison to stonedisc but only when the paddy is dried correctly up to moisture content of 14 %.The systematically data collection and experimental results were prepared for training. There weretotal of 2392 farmers and 306 extension workers of Can Tho City and Kien Giang provinceparticipated in the training program. These extension activities had a very satisfactory impact on thefarming practices of smallholder farmers and local extension workers. To build up staff competence,three NLU staff members undertook the technical training at the University of Queensland. Inaddition, a rice testing laboratory was established. An integrated rice management chain model fromharvesting to milling for a better rice quality and higher farmer income was proposed. Under thecircumstances if the advanced system is applied to MRD in rice production, i.e. correct harvestingtime, combined-harvesting cutting, mechanical drying, milling using modified dehusker, MRD mayreduce 13% total losses which are equivalent to USD 190 million per annum.Two articles extracted from this project were available in Drying Technology and InternationalJournal of Food Properties. Two research works in association with optimisation of high temperaturefluidised bed drying performance were presented at 6th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference held inOctober 2009 at Bangkok. percentage of rice post- harvest losses in MRD1. Introduction is approximately 15-20 %. There are manyMekong River Delta (MRD), the largest rice factors accounting for the post-harvest lossesproduction region in Viet Nam, is producing of rice and occurring as early as pre-harvestingabout 50 % of Viet Nam total rice output. This stage and subsequent periods from harvestingregion has accounted for more than 90 % of to storage. Rice grains can be damaged or lostVietnamese rice export in the past decade with quantitatively and qualitatively due to the16 million people or about less than 20 % of inappropriate practices during harvesting,the total population. It is estimated that the reaping, threshing, sun/mechanical drying, 130 CARD 026/05 VIE – Control rice cracking kernelloading/unloading, transporting, milling system can serve as a compact drier. Highprocessing and storage conditions. Reduced temperature drying such as fluidizied bedwhole rice grain yield due to cracking is one of drying is able to cope with the drying of largethe major issues that directly reduce income volume of rice harvested within the shortand availability of staple food to the farmers in period of time.the MRD. Milling processing is an important stage asThe cracking or partial fissuring of rice kernels it produces the final product (white rice) in themay occur right in the paddy field due to chain of post-production of rice. In addition toincorrect harvesting time and improper the rice grain cracking is potentially occurredharvesting practices, and occur also because of in previous postharvest stage, rice kernels canadverse post-harvest drying conditions and be cracked as a result of unsuitable millinginappropriate milling operations. Weather technology applied, i.e., low efficiency ofconditions at around harvesting period are milling system, low quality of paddy beforedifferent between the wet and dry seasons and undergoing milling. Few research worksthis can impact t ...