Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: Nghiên cứu về tình hình sốt rét tại các xã biên giới huyện Hướng Hoá, tỉnh Quảng Trị năm 2010

Tuyển tập các nghiên cứu khoa học của trường đại học Huế đề tài: Nghiên cứu về tình hình sốt rét tại các xã biên giới huyện Hướng Hoá, tỉnh Quảng Trị năm 2010...
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Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: "Nghiên cứu về tình hình sốt rét tại các xã biên giới huyện Hướng Hoá, tỉnh Quảng Trị năm 2010"JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N0 61, 2010 RESEARCH ON THE MALARIA SITUATION AT THE BORDER COMMUNES IN HUONG HOA DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE IN THE YEAR 2010 Hoang Ha Preventive medicine Center of Quang Tri Nguyen Van Tap, Le Xuan Hung College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University SUMMARY Huong Hoa is a district with severe malaria in Quang Tri province. The district has 22communes with 75,000 people. The resident population belongs to three ethnic groups who are:Kinh, Pako, and Van kieu. Huong Hoa has 11 communes which border on neighboring nations,three of which share a common border with Lao. The malaria situation is always fluctuant andcomplicated due to mass migration there. We have conducted a malaria survey at 3 communes:Thanh, Thuan, Xy with 2,082 residents. The incidence of malaria was 0.43% and the infectiousrate of parasites was 1.39%. There was no statistical difference among communes. Key worlds: severe malaria, malaria case, parasite rate, border commune, ethnic group.1. Introduction Malaria is a common social infectious disease not only in Vietnam but alsothroughout the world. According to the WHO in 1992 the malaria situation was veryserious and complicated. Annually, more than 100 million people were infected andover one million died. A lot of epidemic outbreaks have occurred in Asia and Africa. InVietnam, a program of malaria eradication has been conducted since 1958, but at theend of the 1970s- 1980s, due to a lack of resources, malaria has turned back. In 1991,the whole of the country had 144 outbreaks with 1 million malaria cases, in which 4646persons died. Since this time, Vietnam has changed strategy from malaria eradication todisease control with 3 objectives: - Reducing cases of malaria. - Reducing mortality from malaria. - Reducing the harmful effects of malaria. An evaluation of the results conducted after ten years (1991-2000) showed thatin Quang tri, malaria cases were reduced by 73.15%; deaths due to malaria were 123reduced by 96.8%; and outbreaks were reduced by 98.6%. Hence malaria was reducedbut the risk of the disease is threatening to turn back. Huong hoa is a district with severe malaria. 22 communes of the district arehyper - endemic areas, especially the 7 communes that share the border with Lao. In 1989, the rate of parasites was 27%, but two years later (1990-1991) aftersome methods were implemented, this rate was reduced about sevenfold (4.04%).However, from 1993-2003 the malaria situation was still serious and complicated, andoutbreaks sometimes occurred at Thanh, Thuan communes. Malaria cases in Huong hoa are always estimated to be approximately 50% ofthe whole province. This problem is believed to be related to the mass migration ofpeople between border communes. Because of this we decide to conduct the study“Research on the malaria situation at the border communes in Huong Hoa district,Quang tri province, 2010.” This research has two objectives: - To determine the rate of malaria cases and parasites at the three importantborder communes in Huong Hoa 2010. - To find out the factors relating to malaria.2. Method: 2.1. Research subject: All members in households at the selected villages. 2.2. Research site: Three border communes: Thuan, Thanh, and Xy. 2.3. Research method: Cross- sectional survey based on the regulations of the WHO (reference?) 2.4. Sample size: Based on the formula   2 (1   P (1  P ) Z ) 2     N d2 With: N: Size of sample, CI: 95%, Bias (d): 0,01 N= 1825 is the minimum size. 2.5. Sampling method: Randomly based on cluster sample. 2.6. Variables of epidemiology include: 124 - Incidence of malaria with age, gender, and place. - Incidence of parasites with age, gender, and place. - Structure of parasite: P.F, P.V, P.F+V - Find out the relationship between malaria and different factors. + The relationship between malaria and age, gender and place. + The relationship between parasites and age, gender, and place. 2.7. Data analysis: Based on methods of medical statistics.3. Results 3.1. Result of cross-sectional survey at 3 communes (Thuan, Thanh, and Xy)in 2010 3.1.1. General information: Total of population at three communes is 6576 person. Total of person weresurveyed is 2082. Result: 2082 slides: 3.1.2. Result of epidemiology 3.1.2.1. Incidence of malaria Table 3.1. Incidence of malaria cases per commune Malaria case No malaria case Total No Communes No % No % No % Thuận 1 5 0.71 695 99.29 700 100.00 2 Thanh 2 ...