Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR GROWING AND CARING OF CITRUS IN VIETNAM

Thành lập vườn cây ăn quả là một đầu tư dài hạn và do đó cầnquy hoạch hoàn chỉnh. Bất kỳ sai lầm đã cam kết trong quá trình lựa chọn của trang web,mật độ trồng, lựa chọn giống, chất lượng cây giống ... phản ánh rất nhiềuhiệu suất vườn cây ăn quả.Đối với quản lý có năng suất bền vững, nó là rất quan trọngchọn một trang web tốt cho vườn cây ăn quả.
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR GROWING AND CARING OF CITRUS IN VIETNAM " Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development THE SOUTHERN FRUIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE -------------- --------------- THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FORGROWING AND CARING OF CITRUS IN VIETNAM VO HUU THOAII. SITE SELECTIONEstablishment of an orchard is a long term investment and hence needsthe complete planning. Any mistake committed during selection of site,plant density, choice of varieties, quality of seedling… reflects greatlyon the orchard performance. For got management and sustained yields, it is very important toselect a good site for orchard.Climate:Temperature: It should be remembered that the optimum temperaturerange for tropical trees is between 23-30oC, if temperature is low at 10oCcan damage tropical trees.Rainfall: In general, a climate with low rainfall and plenty sunshine ingood for tropical trees. High rainfall areas are less suitable for fruit treesbecause of pressures of pests and diseases, lower yield and poor fruitquality.Soil: Fruit trees can grow and produce well in a wide variety of soiltypes, except very light, sandy soils and heavy clay soils. In general,most fruit trees prefer the soil pH between 5.5 and 6.5. The water table should be no higher than one meter below thesoil surface.Other important factorsDay length, the amount of sunshine, the level of relative humidity,latitude, altitude and slope of land may all affect fruit tree growth, fruityield and quality.Selected site for citrus planting, , it is isolated from HLB disease areas. II. ESTABLISHMENT OF ORCHARD Aspect for planting Being evergreen, fruit tree perfom best in site that are warmand sunny. The mounding is at right angles to the sunrise isrecommended. Each tree on the mounding will receive moresunlight from sun.Windbreak Windbrerak should be estalished before planting commance, thebenefits of windbreak include reduction in wind damage to trees andfruit, reduction in evaporative stress to trees and an improvedmicroclimate for crop pollination in Mekong delta, Hibiscus plant isrecommanded and Cusuarina for highland.To establish the wind- break in order to prevent flower and fruit falling from storm The layout of orchard There are 2 popular planting systems are being practiced, theye are: Square system: Is simplest and ubiquitous system of planting adoptedfor a number of fruit crops, as it provides ease in cultivation and irrigation. The trees are planted in 4 corners of the square in straight lines.(suitable for the southeast areas). Quincunx system: it is similar to square system except that a fifth plantis located at the centre of each square (suitable for mekong delta with highdensity). * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *The disease - free seedlings should be planted in selected orchardPlanting density and distance(spacing)Planting density depending on factors such as the species of tree,cultivar, the type of rootstock, the environment and planting zone. Table: Commonly planting distance in citrus crops Crops Mekong delta South –East Kinh mandarin 2 x 3m 3 x 4m Tieu manarin 4 x 5m 4 x 5m Pummmelo 4 x 5m 5 x 6m Lemon 3 x 4m 4 x 5mMounding The depth of topsoil can be increased, which is rich in nutrient and oganicmatter, by moving topsoil from between the rows into the tree lines.Mounding can help overcome site limitations such as shallow topsoil, poor drainageand have beneficial effects by increasing the nutrient supply under the tree line andimproving aeration in the root zone.Irrigation systems recommanded to install on the moundings. Mekong delta: usually have got acid sulfat soil layer under topsoil,high water table level and shallow topsoil. Therefore mouding isrecommanded in this soil type. For fruit tree cultivation in the MekongDelta, land is specially made into alternative canal-beds in order toincrease the deepth of topsoil. Then fruit trees planted on small moundsof the bed. The mound size is about 50-60cm height and 80-100cm indiameter. South-East : The mounding is suitable with upland(highland) of the eastern part of south Vietnam. If growers areunable to carry out the mounding for the whole site, similarmound in Mekong Delta are recommended with 30-40cmheight and 60-80cm in diameter. Prepare for planting holes Planting holes of 60cm x 100cm x 100cm are dug andallowed to weather for about two weeks prior to planting.Then, organic manure, lime and phosphate fertilizer can bemixed with topsoil and subsoil (incorporated) to be used to fillthe planting holes.The time of planting The optimum time for planting fruit trees variesaccording to the species, water sources. It is best planted at thebeginning of the raining. Growers should avoid transplantingseedling during hot summer weather . Irrigation system There are three main source of irrigation water fororchards: Well, river, stream, and ponds. Irrigation system should be established when the orchardis being laid out. In the Mekong delta is furrow irrigation orover canopy can be used because of abundant water.Drip irrigation can be used if water is limited suchas highland area.Ground cover and mulchingThe use of grass cover and plant residue is recommended toreduce water loss from the soil and increase soil organicmatter and structure.During 4-6 months of dry ...