Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: Tình trạng suy dinh dưỡng và các yếu tố liên quan ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi ở tỉnh Kon Tum năm 2008

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Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: "Tình trạng suy dinh dưỡng và các yếu tố liên quan ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi ở tỉnh Kon Tum năm 2008"JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N0 61, 2010 MALNUTRITION STATUS AND RELATIVE FACTORS IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD IN KON TUM PROVINCE, 2008 Pham Thi Hai College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University SUMMARY In 2008, a study was conducted in a population of 1500 Children under 5 years old andtheir mothers in Kon Tum Province using a cross-sectional method with two objectives: identifythe malnutrition rate in children under 5 years old in Kon Tum province, 2008 and find out thefactors related to the malnutrition situation in children under 5 years old in Kon tum province.Results showed that the malnutrition rate was 30.2%, including 24.2% of malnutrition level I;5.5% of level II and the remaining of level III. In terms of relative factors of malnutrition inChildren. There are many different factors contributing to malnutrition such as low birth-weight (< 2500 gram); children with a history of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections;mothers with low BMI (< less than 18.5); mothers with a poor diet and low weight of themothers during pregnancy; low education level of the mothers; mother’ age from 36-49 whenbeing pregnant; having a family of more than 3 children; and low family income. Other factorsregarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding were: a complete lack of breastfeeding inthe first six months of age; early weaning time (< 12 months); early initiation of complementarydiet (< 6 months); and a poor complementary diet consisting of only gruel with rice flour andsalt. The relationship between malnutrition in children and the factors such as breastfeedingtime after giving birth, and mother’s occupation has not been found. Key words: malnutrition, weight, height, breast milk, weaning, related.1. Introduction Vietnam is not only internationally recognised in the effort to preventmalnutrition, but is also the sole country which has achieved success in reducing theacute malnutrition rate. However, the malnutrition rate in children is still high, this isone of the barriers to the development and integration process of the country. Kon Tum is a highland province in the northern central area. The ethnicminority group makes up more than 54% of the population. They often have loweducation levels and follow traditional customs. For this reason, the high risk level ofmalnutrition in children here would be unavoidable. Weight malnutrition rate in childrenunder 5 according to an investigation in 2007 was 31%, which was relatively high in 131comparison with other provinces. There is a considerable gap between this figure andthe required target of national nutrition strategy to be reached by late 2010. Monitoringthe annual malnutrition rate along with investigating and evaluating associated riskfactors are important activities develop appropriate solutions for preventing malnutritionin the future. As a result, we conduct the study: “Malnutrition status and relative factorsin children under 5 years old in Kon Tum province, 2008”. Study objectives is to identify the malnutrition rate in Children under 5 yearsold in Kon Tum province, 2008 and investigate the factors related to the malnutritionsituation in Children under 5 years old in Kon Tum province.2. Methodology 2.1. Subjects and Research Time Study participants were all under 5-year-old children born from 01/11/2003 to31/10/2008 and their mothers in Kon Tum. The study was conducted between July 2008 and October 2008 in all 9 suburbandistricts of the province. 2.2. Research method: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive method 2.2.1 Sample size: The sample size is calculated based on the formula, as following: p(1  p) n  Z 2 / 2 d2 Where: n: Number of researched children Confident interval: 95%, Z /2 =1,96 p: Estimated malnutrition rate, p = 31,5% is malnutrition rate of the year2007 in Kon Tum3. d: Standard error, d = 0,25 Therefore, the minimum sample size is 1326 children. Adding 15% for refusals and attrition, the study sample size is 1500 children. 2.2.2. Selecting the sample: The study used a multi–stage random sampling method. 2.2.3. Collecting data: - Children: date of birth, gender, birth-weight, breastfeeding status, 132complem ...