Báo cáo y học: Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

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Báo cáo y học: "Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)"Retrovirology BioMed Central Open AccessResearchInactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkylsulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)Sandra Urdaneta*1,8, Brian Wigdahl2, Elizabeth B Neely1,3,Cheston M Berlin Jr4,5, Cara-Lynne Schengrund6, Hung-Mo Lin7 andMary K Howett1,8Address: 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 USA, 2Department ofMicrobiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19104 USA, 3Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 USA,4Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 USA, 5Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Collegeof Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 USA, 6Department of Biochemistry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033USA, 7Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 USA and 8Department ofBioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USAEmail: Sandra Urdaneta* - sandra.urdaneta@drexel.edu; Brian Wigdahl - Brian.Wigdhal@DrexelMed.edu; Elizabeth B Neely - eneely@psu.edu;Cheston M Berlin - cmb6@drexel.edu; Cara-Lynne Schengrund - cxs8@psu.edu; Hung-Mo Lin - hlin@psu.edu;Mary K Howett - mkh28@drexel.edu* Corresponding authorPublished: 29 April 2005 Received: 14 February 2005 Accepted: 29 April 2005Retrovirology 2005, 2:28 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-28This article is available from: http://www.retrovirology.com/content/2/1/28© 2005 Urdaneta et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Reducing transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk is needed to help decrease the burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS in society. We have previously reported that alkyl sulfates (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low concentrations, are biodegradable, have little/no toxicity and are inexpensive. Therefore, they may be used for treatment of HIV-1 infected breast milk. In this report, human milk was artificially infected by adding to it HIV-1 (cell-free or cell-associated) and treated with ≤1% SDS (≤10 mg/ml). Microbicidal treatment was at 37°C or room temperature for 10 min. SDS removal was performed with a commercially available resin. Infectivity of HIV-1 and HIV-1 load in breast milk were determined after treatment. Results: SDS (≥0.1%) was virucidal against cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in breast milk. SDS could be substantially removed from breast milk, without recovery of viral infectivity. Viral load in artificially infected milk was reduced to undetectable levels after treatment with 0.1% SDS. SDS was virucidal against HIV-1 in human milk and could be removed from breast milk if necessary. Milk was not infectious after SDS removal. Conclusion: The proposed treatment concentrations are within reported safe limits for ingestion of SDS by children of 1 g/kg/day. Therefore, use of alkyl sulfate microbicides, such as SDS, to treat HIV1-infected breast milk may be a novel alternative to help prevent/reduce transmission of HIV- 1 through breastfeeding. Page 1 of 10 (page number not for citation purposes)Retrovirology 2005, 2:28 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/2/1/28 (i.e. ...