Cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0: cơ hội và thách thức đối với Niệt Nam

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Cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0: cơ hội và thách thức đối với Niệt Nam TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HẢI PHÒNG THE INDYSTRY 4.0 AND A NEW VERSION OF THE ECONOMICS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thuong Lang National Economics University ABSTRACT Since 2010, the 4th Industrial Revolution called the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has been making some great changes in all spheres of the society by taking advantage of the digital-based technological progress. Its basic pillars consist of big data, cloud computing and internet of things that convert the visible physical resources towards the invisible digital ones. The former is endowed by natural force like land and other natural resources and the later are made by people with unlimited source of creativity. In fact, the scarcity of physical resources is more commonly mentioned than that of digital source, hence, that the contemporary economics deals with the scare resources 1 becomes inappropriate. Such this point of departure, despite its being ambiguous to some extent, is revealing a new version of economics on the basis of non-scarcity of digital resources. In other words, the I4.0 does not end the mission of the economics but gives it a new version. Key words: Industry 4.0, new version, economics 1.INTRODUCTION The economics, in the most popular meaning, includes a set of principles, definitions, concept and laws that base on the scarcity of the resources and the trade-off among the choices in the economy as a whole to make their best choice. That means the scarcity is the basic assumption for the science of economics to be developed. In parallel with it, three questions in the economics appear naturally. When the scarcity became not scared, the rational choice for the three economic questions might be unreasonable; then, the new approach to the economics being arisen to substitute the old one would be taken into consideration. Possibly speaking, one of the strongest factors having impact on the scarcity and the trade-off among choices is the Industry 4.0 officially initiated by Germany Government in 2010. The researches on I4.0 range in a wide spectrum. BCG (2015) points out nine technologies that transform industrial production including the autonomous robots, simulation, horizontal and vertical system integration, the industrial internet of things, cyber security, the cloud computing, additive manufacturing, augmented reality and big data and analytics and as a result, change the future of manufacturing industries. UNIDO (2016) analyses the opportunities and challenges for developing countries and economies in transition like improving the wealth and living standard, educating the people and facing with cyber security. WEF (2015) finds I4.0 will change the basis of competition, redraw industrial boundaries and create a new wave of disruptive companies. In accordance with the economics, such this research says about the emergence of the outcome economy fueled by software-driven services and innovation in hardware. PwC (2016) involves I4.0 from the perspective of building the new series of digital enterprise as a new quantum for the change of the economy as a whole. IAB (2015) tries to make clear effect of I4.0 on the structure of the economy in line with increasing the service sector, then it can make change in labor market in terms of the occupational and qualification structure. The research distinguishes between I4.0 and Economy 4.0 (E4.0) in which I4.0 moves from analog towards digital and E4.0 creates all new spheres of the society. Reiner S., Michael M., Ralf-Christian H., Christopher R., Pascal N., and Philip J., (2015) proves that potential use of I4.0 has been influenced by different factors including production time improvement, business process complexity, level of automation, mass customization, idle data and the technology use. The research result is significant to all of the stakeholders specifically for managers to innovate their business. 1 The three questions of the economics are that what are produced, and how and for whom they are produced (Mankiw, 1997). 24 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HẢI PHÒNG Obviously, at present, there was a lack of researches on the impacts of I4.0 on the economics while there have had a lot of ones on the economy as a whole in terms of artificial brain with unlimited memory capacity, atomization and simulation. To the question how to produce the products is answered by I4.0 in an effective way. As a result, the quantity of products at any scale can be met. Clearly, under I4.0 the economics has been moved towards a new situation in which the basic problems are solved in new direction, and to a greater extent, there is no existing economic problems or questions. 2. THE RESEARCH METHOD AND DATA The purpose of the paper is to find a new version of the economics from perspective of I4.0 by using the analytical and synthetized method. I4.0 perhaps, would make chaos in all of the spheres of the society including the economics. The sequence of the research method is illustrated in the FIGURE 1. The database used in the paper would be taken from researches of experts or downloaded from internet. Departing Reviewing Analyzing the Identifying a Suggesting the precondition: contemporary foundations of the new version possible scarcity and basic economic economics under of the responses to the trade-off questions I4.0 economics new version (So ...