Ebook Economic development (Fourth edition): Part 1

Ebook Economic development (Fourth edition): Part 1 include of the following contents: Chapter 1 introduction; chapter 2 the meaning and measurement of economic development; chapter 3 economic development in historical perspective; chapter 4 characteristics and institutions of developing countries; chapter 5 theories of economic development; chapter 6 poverty, malnutrition, and income inequality; chapter 7 rural poverty and agricultural transformation; chapter 8 population and development; chapter 9 employment, migration, and urbanization; chapter 10 education, health, and human capital; chapter 11 capital formation, investment choice, information technology, and technical progress; chapter 12 entrepreneurship, organization, and innovation; chapter 13 natural resources and the environment: toward sustainable development.
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Ebook Economic development (Fourth edition): Part 1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Fourth Edition In this fourth edition of his textbook, E. Wayne Nafziger analyzes the economic development of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and East- Central Europe. The treatment is suitable for students who have taken a basic college course in the principles of economics. This compre- hensive and clearly written text explains the growth in real income per person and income disparities within and among developing coun- tries. The author explains the reasons for the fast growth of Pacific Rim countries, Brazil, Poland, and (recently) India, and the increasing economic misery and degradation of large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The book also examines China and other postsocialist economies as low- and middle-income countries, without, however, overshadowing the primary emphasis on the third world. The text, written by a scholar active in economic research in developing countries, is replete with real- world examples. The exposition emphasizes the themes of poverty, inequality, unemployment, the environment, and deficiencies of people in less-developed countries, rather than esoteric models of aggregate economic growth. The guide to the readings, through bibliography as well as Web sites with links to development resources, makes this book useful for students writing research papers. E. Wayne Nafziger is University Distinguished Professor of Economics at Kansas State University. He is the author and editor of sixteen books and numerous journal articles on development economics, income dis- tribution, development theory, the economics of conflict, the Japanese economy, and entrepreneurship. His book, Inequality in Africa: Polit- ical Elites, Proletariat, Peasants, and the Poor (Cambridge University Press), was cited by Choice as an Outstanding Academic Book for 1989–1990. Professor Nafziger is also the author of The Debt Crisis in Africa (1993) and the editor (with Frances Stewart and Raimo Vayrynen) of the two-volume War, Hunger, and Displacement: The Origins of Humanitarian Emergencies (2000). He has held research positions at the U.N. University’s World Institute for Development Economics Research, the Carter Center, the East–West Center, and in Nigeria, India, Japan, and Britain. Economic Development FOURTH EDITION E. Wayne Nafziger Kansas State University cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521829663 © E. Wayne Nafziger 2006 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2005 isbn-13 978-0-511-14048-8 eBook (NetLibrary) isbn-10 0-511-14048-7 eBook (NetLibrary) isbn-13 978-0-521-82966-3 hardback isbn-10 0-521-82966-6 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. To H. M. A. Onitiri, Aaron Gana, B. Sarveswara Rao, M. Jagadeswara Rao, R. Sudarsana Rao, and Hiroshi Kitamura Contents List of Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page xiii Abbreviations and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Preface to the Fourth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix PART I. PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Nature and Scope of the Text, 1 / Organization of the Text, 3 / How the Other Two-Thirds Live, 3 / Globalization, Outsourcing, and Information Technology, 6 / India’s and Asia’s Golden Age of Development, 8 / Critical Questions in Development Economics, 10 / Limitations of Standard Economic Approaches, 11 / Guide to Readings, 12 2 The Meaning and Measurement of Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Scope of the Chapter, 15 / Growth and Development, 15 / Classification of Countries, 20 / Problems with Using GNP to Make Comparisons over Time, 25 / Problems in Comparing Developed and Developing Countries’ GNP, 27 / Comparison-Resistant Services, 30 / Purchasing-Power Parity (PPP), 30 / Measurement Errors for GNP or GDP Adjusted for Purchasing Power, 33 / A Better Measure of Economic Development?, 34 / Weighted Indices for GNP Growth, 39 / “Basic-Needs” Attainment, 42 / Development as Freedom and Liberation, 44 / Small Is Beautiful, 46 / Are Economic Growth and Development Worthwhile?, 46 / Conclusion, 48 / Guide to Readings, 51 3 Economic Development in Historical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Scope of the Chapter, 53 / An Evolutionary Biological Approach to Development, 53 / Ancient and Medieval Economic Growth, 54 / World Leaders in GDP per Capita, 1500 to the Present, 55 / Beginnings of Sustained Economic Growth, 56 / The West and Afro-Asia: The 19th Century and Today, 57 / Capitalism and Modern Western Economic Development, 57 / Economic Modernization in the Non-Western World, 61 / Growth in the Last 100 to 150 Years, 74 / The Power of Exponential Growth – The United States and Canada: The Late 19th and 20th Centuries, 77 / Economic Growth in Europe and Japan after World War II, 81 / ...