Ebook Genetic improvement of farmed animals: Part 1

Part 1 book "Genetic improvement of farmed animals" includes content: The origins and roles of today’s livestock breeds; genes, genetic codes and genetic variation; strategies for genetic improvement; what affects response to selection within breeds; tools and technologies in animal breeding; analysing genetic variation in farm animals.
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Ebook Genetic improvement of farmed animals: Part 1 Genetic Improvement of Farmed Animals Genetic Improvement of Farmed Animals Geoff Simm University of Edinburgh, UK Geoff Pollott Royal Veterinary College, London, UK Raphael Mrode Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, UK and International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya Ross Houston The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK Karen Marshall International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 745 Atlantic Avenue Wallingford 8th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 (617)682-9015 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 E-mail: cabi-nao@cabi.org E-mail: info@cabi.org Website: www.cabi.org © Geoff Simm, Geoff Pollott, Raphael Mrode, Ross Houston and Karen Marshall 2021. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Simm, Geoff, 1959- author. | Pollott, Geoffrey, author. | Mrode, R. A., author. | Houston, Ross, author. | Marshall, Karen, author. Title: Genetic improvement of farmed animals / Geoff Simm, Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, UK, Geoff Pollott, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK, Raphael Mrode, Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, UK, and International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Ross Houston, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK, Karen Marshall, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Description: Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ; Boston, MA : CABI, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Comprehensive, yet concise and approachable, Genetic Improvement of Farmed Animals provides a thorough grounding in the basic sciences underpinning current farmed animal breeding practice. The text relates science to practical application in all the major farmed animal species: cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, pigs and fish”--Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2019054983 (print) | LCCN 2019054984 (ebook) | ISBN 9781789241723 (hardback) | ISBN 9781789241716 (paperback) | ISBN 9781789241730 (ebook) | ISBN 9781789241747 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Livestock--Genetic engineering. | Livestock improvement. Classification: LCC SF756.5 .S56 2020 (print) | LCC SF756.5 (ebook) | DDC 636.08/21--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054983 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054984 ISBN-13: 9781789241723 (hardback) 9781789241716 (paperback) 9781789241730 (ePDF) 9781789241747 (ePub) Commissioning Editor: Alexandra Lainsbury Editorial Assistant: Lauren Davies Production Editor: Tim Kapp Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the UK by Severn, Gloucester Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1. The origins and rôles of today’s livestock breeds Natural Selection and Evolution Domestication Livestock Breeds and Their Origins The Rôles of Livestock Summary 2. Genes, Genetic Codes and Genetic Variation Introduction Chromosomes and Genes The Structure and Function of Genes DNA and genetic codes Loci and alleles Transfer of genetic codes during cell division Mitosis Meiosis Mutation Tracking genes across generations Genes, Genotypes and Phenotypes Predicting the outcome of matings among different genotypes Genotype and gene (or allele) frequencies Sources of genetic variation between animals Types of Gene Action Additive and non-additive gene action Co-dominance, no dominance or additive gene action Complete dominance Partial dominance Overdominance Other types of gene action and inheritance Sex-linked genes Sex-limited gene action Sex-influenced gene action Genomic imprinting Pleiotropy Epistasis Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity Cytoplasmic or mitochondrial inheritance Names and abbreviations of genes The Nature of Traits of Interest in Farmed Animals Qualitative and quantitative traits Genetic and environmental influences Traits affected by single genes Traits affected by many genes Measuring Variation in Performance Measuring Associations Between Traits and Between Animals Phenotypic, Genetic and Environmental Associations Summary 3. Strategies for Genetic Improvement Introduction The Structure of Livestock Breeding Industries Selection Between Breeds or Breed Types Selection Within Breeds or Breed Types Requirements for within-breed selection Factors affecting rates of improvement Selection for more than on ...