FRENCH SENTENCE BUILDER – PART 5

Tham khảo tài liệu french sentence builder – part 5, ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
FRENCH SENTENCE BUILDER – PART 5·11· Using nouns Nouns are used to name persons, animals, places, things, and abstract ideas. A noun is the nucleus of a noun phrase, which may include an article and one or several adjectives. article + noun + adjective un + ciel + magnifique Aujourd’hui il y a un ciel Today there is a magnificent magnifique. sky. In this sentence, the noun phrase un ciel magnifique includes the article un, the noun ciel, and the adjective magnifique describing the sky. Types of nouns There are many different types of nouns such as proper, common, concrete, abstract, countable, noncountable, and collective nouns. Proper and common nouns Proper nouns are capitalized and used for names of specific places, animals, and people. Any other noun is considered a common noun and is not capitalized. La Seine traverse la ville de Paris. The Seine River crosses the city of Paris. This sentence includes the proper nouns Seine and Paris as well as the concrete noun ville. La beauté est une perception. Beauty is a perception. This sentence includes two abstract nouns, beauté and perception. L’or brille. Gold shines. This sentence includes the noun or, a noncountable entity. L’armée est disciplinée. The army is disciplined. This sentence includes the collective noun armée. Except for names of cities, French nouns are generally preceded by a mascu- line, feminine, or plural article. Remember that you must be able to identify nouns such as l’image or l’arbre (which are contracted with the definite articles because they start with a vowel sound) as masculine (m.) or feminine (f.), in order to make the adjective describing that noun agree in gender and number with it. 102 l’arbre (m.) un grand arbre a big tree the tree l’image (f.) the picture une jolie image a pretty picture Also remember to use the contractions of the preposition à or the preposition de with the articles le and les whenever appropriate. à + le = au de + le = du à + les = aux de + les = des Je vais au tableau. I am going to the board. Ils reviennent du parc. They are coming back from the park.Noncountable and collective nouns Noncountable nouns do not have a plural form. In English fish and furniture are such nouns. Consider the following examples of French noncountable nouns. These are usually not used in the plural form except on very rare occasions as in poetic writings or in comparisons. Here are some such nouns: l’eau water l’éclairage lighting l’or gold la beauté beauty la farine flour la rocaille rocks le communisme communism Le communisme est une idéologie. Communism is an ideology. L’éclairage est mauvais ici. The lighting is bad here. L’or ne perd pas de sa valeur. Gold does not lose its value. Compare the following pairs of sentences and notice that these noncountable nouns are sometimes used in the plural form: L’eau est essentielle pour survivre Water is essential to survive in the desert. dans le désert. Les eaux minérales sont toutes bonnes Mineral waters are all good for your health. pour la santé. La farine blanche n’est pas la meilleure. White flour is not the best. Nous analysons des farines de We are analyzing flour of various origins. différentes origines. A collective noun refers to an entity that includes many individual components such as l’armée (the army) or le mobilier ( furniture). These nouns can have a singular and a plural form. Son mobilier est du style Louis XVI. Her furniture is in the Louis XVI style. Ce musée expose des mobiliers de tous This museum exhibits various styles of styles. furnitu ...