Giáo trình Bút ngữ tiếng Anh cao cấp 2 (Kỹ năng viết): Phần 2

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Giáo trình Bút ngữ tiếng Anh cao cấp 2 (Kỹ năng viết): Phần 2 PART 2: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS OVERVIEW L E A D - IN Imagine you have had a class discussion about the following question: ‘Should more people give up meat and become vegetarians?’ Read the view points (1-5) and match them to the reasons (A-E), as in the example. 1 Eating meat is bad for you J J j 4 Meat is an essential part of our diet; we cannot do without il Q 2 There are many healthy and 5 Vegetarian food is often tasty alternatives available 0 boring and tasteless ( J 3 Eating meat is cruel to animals Animals are A Soya beans kept in terrible and lentils arc conditions just so delicious and are good they can be killed sources «if protein. and eaten. There aren't £ many vegetarian dishes that actually Meat provides ' us with the protein and vitamins that g> need. 52 1. What is an argumentative essay? An argumentative essay is a formal piece of writing (it can also be called a persuasive or opinion essay). It requires your opinion on a topic, which must be stated clearly, giving various viewpoints on the topic supported by reasons and/or examples. You should also include the opposing point of view in another paragraph. The primary objective is to persuade people to change beliefs that many of them do not want to change. Your essay must be written in formal style. You often see the following key words in the essay titles: 1. Statements: - ... . Give your opinion on... 2. Wh-word questions: - To what extent / How fa r do you agree/think What is your opinion about...? 3. Yes, no- questions - ...agree or disagree? - Should....? - Is it necessary... ? 2. Formal style * T his m ean s y o u sh o u ld use: * Passive voice, impersonal constructions (e.g. It is argued that...; It is a common belief that...) * A range o f advanced vocabulary (verbs, adjectives, abstract nouns, ect) (e.g. heated debate concerning the controversial issue...) * Formal linking words/phrases (e.g. furthermore, however, nonetheless) * Complex sentences with a variety of links, dependant clauses, etc 53 (e.g. Although it is widely accepted that compulsory military service, which provides an army with abundant manpower, is beneficial to a country’ ability to defend itself, closer analysis o f s military efficiency suggests that it is advanced weaponry which play’s a crucial role in...) S Inversion, especially in conditionals (e.g. Were this true, we would...; Never has this been more obvious...) • You should not use: * Short forms (e.g. I'm, I t ’ except when these are part of a s) quotation x Colloquial expressions, phrasal verbs, idioms (e.g. lots o f put up with, be over the moon about...) * Simplistic vocabulaiy (e.g. Experts say they think this is bad,...) * A series of short sentences (e.g. Many people think so. They are wrong.) * Simple linking words (e.g. and, but, so) except for variety. WRITING PROCESS ❖ Step 1: Stimulating and brainstorming ideas ❖ Step 2: Outlining ❖ Step 3: Developing ideas and writing the first draft ❖ Step 4: Editing and writing the final version WRITING TASK: In this unit, you will write a five- paragraph argumentative essay about whether or not you think it should be legal to download or to share copyrighted material from the Internet. 54 STEP I. STIMULATING AND BRAINSTORMING IDEAS Everyday we are faced with ethical questions about what we think is right or wrong. In this unit you will express your opinion about whether or not it should be legal to download or share copyrighted property from the Internet. Exercise 1: Thinking about the topic A. Discuss the picture with a partner. • Who are the two characters in this picture? • What do you think is happening? • Do you think the young man is guilty of a crime? B. Make notes about the kinds of copyrighted property people download off the Internet and whether or not you think downloading should be legal. Then discuss in small groups. Exercise 2: Reading about the topic Many countries today are concerned about the ethics o f downloading and sharing movies o ff the Internet. The case o f Yoshihiro Inoune may make some people think twice before downloading copyrighted material o ff the Internet. 55 Read the article below. JAPANESE MAN FOUND GUILTY OF ONLINE MOVIE THEFT For the first time a Japanese court has found a man guilty of piracy and sentenced him to a year in jail. Yoshihiro Inoue, 42, downloaded movies from the Internet. He made copies of the movies A Beautiful Mind, and share them with others. This is considered a crime in the U.S., Japan, and most other countries in the world. Inoue’s case sets a precedent for anyone who distributes films illegally. His crime was stealing intellectual property. This kind of property, which is someone’s creative invention, is protected by copyright law. Today over eighty nations have ...