Giáo trình thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí - Unit 2

REFINING OPERATIONSPetroleum refining operations can be separated into five basic areas: 1. Fractionation (distillation) is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into different "fractions" or "cuts." 2. Conversion processes change the size and/or structure of hydrocarbon molecules. These processes include: − Decomposition by thermal and catalytic cracking; − Unification through alkylation and polymerization; − Alteration with isomerization and catalytic reforming. ...
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Giáo trình thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí - Unit 2Giáo trình Thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí 8 UNIT 2 REFINING OPERATIONSPetroleum refining operations can be separated into five basic areas:1. Fractionation (distillation) is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into different fractions or cuts.2. Conversion processes change the size and/or structure of hydrocarbon molecules. These processes include:− Decomposition by thermal and catalytic cracking;− Unification through alkylation and polymerization;− Alteration with isomerization and catalytic reforming.3. Treatment processes may involve chemical or physical separation such as absorption or precipitation, including desalting, drying, hydrodesulfurizing, solvent refining, sweetening, solvent extraction,…4. Blending is the process of mixing and combining hydrocarbon fractions, additives and other components to produce finished products with specific performance properties.5. Other Refining Operations include: process-water treatment and cooling; storage; product movement; hydrogen production; sulfur recovery, … DEFINITIONSALKYLATION A process using sulfuric or fluoric acid as a catalyst tocombine olefins (usually butylene) and isobutane to produce a high-octaneproduct known as alkylate.DESALTING Removal of mineral salts (most chlorides, e.g., magnesiumchloride and sodium chloride) from crude oil.HYDRODESULFURIZATION A catalytic process in which the principalpurpose is to remove sulfur from petroleum fractions in the presence ofhydrogen. QUESTIONS1. How many basic areas can the petroleum refining operations beseparated into?2. What is the purpose of distillation process?3. How many processes do the conversion processes include?4. What workshops that belong to decomposition process?5. What workshops that belong to unification process?Giáo trình Thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí 96. What workshops that belong to alteration process?7. What is the purpose of alkylation process?8. What is the purpose of desalting process?9. What is the purpose of hydrodesulfurization process? VOCABULARYabsorption : hấp thụ / әbs :p∫n/additive : chất phụ gia / æditiv/alteration : s ự biế n đ ổ i /, :ltәrei∫n/area : khu vực, diện tích / eәriә/conversion : sự chuyển hóa / kәnvә:∫n/decomposition : sự phân huỷ / ,di:k mpәzi∫n/extraction : sự chiết tách / ikstræk∫n/fraction : phân đoạn, phân số / fræk∫n/include : bao gồm, gồm có / inklu:d/involve : gồ m / inv lv/molecule : phân tử / m likju:l/movement : sự di chuyển, vận chuyển / mu:vmәnt/operation :Sự hoạt động, vận hành /, pәrei∫n/precipitation : sự lắng, kết tủa / pri,sipitei∫n/recovery : sự thu hồi / rik vәri/refine : lọc / [rifain/size : kích cở, kích thước / saiz/solvent : dung môi / s lvәnt/storage : sự tồn chứa / st :ridʒ/structure : cấu trúc / str kt∫ә/sweetening : sự mềm hóa ...