Lecture Basic network management: Chapter 7 - Trung tâm Athena

Chapter 7 - TCP/IP. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Decimal to binary ( binary to decimal), decimal to hexadecimal (hexadecimal to decimal), binary to hexadecimal (hexadecimal to binary), IP address and subnetting.
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Lecture Basic network management: Chapter 7 - Trung tâm Athena Chapter7:TCP/IPATHENA Objective  Converting • Decimaltobinary(binarytodecimal) • Decimaltohexadecimal(hexadecimaltodecimal) • Binarytohexadecimal(hexadecimaltobinary)  UnderstandingTCP/IP • IPaddressandSubnetting  ProtocolforTCP/IPATHENA TheBinarySystem  Computingdevicescommunicatewith1s and0s  Agroupsof8bits=1byte  Binarynumbersarebasedonthepowersof2 becausethereareonly2symbols:0and1  Binarycanbeconvertedtodecimalinasimilar waythatdecimalnumbersarefiguredATHENA TheBinarySystem(2)  Binarycanbeconvertedtodecimalinasimilar waythatdecimalnumbersarefigured  Example: 1010 =(1x23)+(0x22)+(1x21)+(0x20) =(1x8)+(0x4)+(1x2)+(0x1) =8+0+2+0 1010 =10ATHENA TheDecimalSystem  Humansusethedecimalnumbersystembaseon thepowersof10  10symbolsareused:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9  Inadecimalnumber,eachsymbolrepresents10 raisedtoapoweraccordingtoitspositionthat isthenmultipliedbythatpositionATHENA TheDecimalSystem(2)  Example: 261=(2x102)+(6x101)+(1x100) (2x100)+(6x10)+(1x1) 261=200+60+1ATHENA TheDecimalSystem(3)  Convertingdecimaltobinary: • Example:49 – 49/2 =24witharemainderof1 – 24/2 =12witharemainderof0 – 12/2 =6witharemainderof0 – 6/2 =3witharemainderof0 – 3/2 =1witharemainderof1 – 1/2 =0witharemainderof1 – 49 =110001ATHENA TheHexadecimalSystem  Ahexadecimalsystembasedonpowerofthe number16  16symbolsareused: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F  Example: 7FA2=(7x163)+(Fx162)+(Ax161)+(2x160) 7FA2=28672+3840+160+2 7FA2=32674ATHENA TheHexadecimalSystem(2)  Convertingdecimaltohexadecimal: • Example:127 – 127/16=7witharemainderof15(F) – 127=7FATHENA TheHexadecimalSystem(3)  Convertinghexadecimaltobinarybydivide binaryto4bitgroups: Binary DecHexa 0000 0 0 0001 1 1 0010 2 2 0011 3 3 0100 4 4ATHENA TheHexadecimalSystem(4) Binary DecHexa 0101 5 5 0110 6 6 0111 7 7 1000 8 8 1001 9 9ATHENA TheHexadecimalSystem(5) Binary DecHexa 1010 10 A 1011 11 B 1100 12 C 1101 13 D 1110 14 E 1111 15 FATHENA TheHexadecimalSystem(6)  Example: 1101101001000110=DA46 C9F7 =1100100111110111ATHENA IPAddresses  AnIP(InternetProtocol)addressisauniqueidentifier foranodeorhostconnectiononanIPnetwork.  AnIPaddressisa32bitbinarynumberusually representedas4decimalvalues,eachrepresenting8 bits  Range0to255(knownasoctets)separatedbydecimal points  Example:140.179.220.200ATHENA IntroducingIPAddresses • Uniqueaddressingallowscommunication betweenendstations. • Pathchoiceisbasedondestinationaddress. LocationisrepresentedbyanaddressATHENA IPAddressingATHENA IPAddresses(2)  EveryIPaddressconsistsoftwoparts • OneidentifyingtheNetID(networkidentifier) • OneidentifyingtheHostID(hostidentifier)ATHENA HostAddressesATHENA NetworkIDandHostIDs  ANetworkIDisassignedtoanorganizationby aglobalauthority  HostIDsareassignedlocallybyasystem administrator  BoththeNetworkIDandtheHostIDareused forroutingATHENA IPAddressClasses Class A 00 NetID NetID HostID ...