Lecture Glencoe world history - Chapter 30: Africa and the Middle East (1945-Present)

African states gained independence after World War II, but faced many political, social, economic, and health challenges. The Middle East has been the site of much conflict. There has been recurring violence and continuing efforts at international mediation.
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Lecture Glencoe world history - Chapter 30: Africa and the Middle East (1945-Present)Chapter IntroductionSection 1: Independence in AfricaSection 2: Conflict in the Middle EastVisual SummaryHow can differentgroups claim one city?The Western Wall or Kotel in Jerusalemis the remains of the ancient SecondTemple of King Herod, destroyed byRomans in A.D. 70. It is considered to beJudaism’s holiest site. A Muslim shrine,the Dome of the Rock, now stands in theapproximate location of the Western Wall.It is one of the holiest places in Islam. Inthis chapter you will learn about modernhistory in the Middle East and Africa.• Why are conflicts in Jerusalem an obstacle to peace in the Middle East today?• What national landmarks hold special meaning for Americans?Independence in AfricaWhat challenges facednewly independentcountries in Africa?Conflict in the MiddleEastWhat conditions led toconflict in the Middle East?The BIG IdeaSelf-Determination After achieving independencefrom their colonial rulers, many African nations facedpolitical, economic, social, and health challenges.Content Vocabulary• apartheid• Pan-Africanism• AIDSAcademic Vocabulary• goal• diversePeople and Places• Ghana • Rwanda• Kwame Nkrumah • Democratic Republic of the Congo• South Africa • Sudan• Jomo Kenyatta • Nelson Mandela• Kenya • Desmond Tutu• Julius Nyerere • Chinua Achebe• Liberia • Noni Jabavu• NigeriaDo you think there is a wide gap in lifestyle,culture, and technology between ruralareas and cities in the U.S.?A. YesB. No A. A B. B 0% 0%Independence and New Nations After gaining their independence, many African states faced political, economic, social, and health challenges.Independence and New Nations (cont.)• Kwame Nkrumah was the leader of Ghana, the first British colony in Africa to gain independence.• In South Africa, whites dominated the government and implemented a system of racial segregation called apartheid.• Blacks organized the African National Congress (ANC) to fight for economic and political reform. Independent AfricaIndependence and New Nations (cont.)• The newly independent nations of Africa chose different economic systems to try to stabilize their countries.• Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya and Mobuto Sese Seko of the Democratic Republic of the Congo both implemented Western-style capitalism.• Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Sekou Toure of Guinea all instituted an “African form of socialism.”Independence and New Nations (cont.)• Several African leaders supported Pan- Africanism, a movement to unite all black Africans regardless of national boundaries.• Challenges faced by the new nations of Africa: – Corruption – Inexperienced leaders – Poverty, food shortages, and droughts – Overpopulation and pollution in citiesIndependence and New Nations (cont.) – Inefficient sanitation and transportation systems – Gap between rich and poor – AIDS and other diseases• Many nations relied on the export of a single crop or natural resource, making it difficult for African nations to maintain economic growth.Independence and New Nations (cont.)• Liberia depended on the export of rubber, while Nigeria relied on oil.• The effects of colonialism caused problems and instability in the new nations.• Fighting between Hutu and Tutsi created unstable governments in Rwanda and Burundi.• The Hutu began a brutal campaign of genocide against the Tutsis, killing at least 500,000.Independence and New Nations (cont.)• When Tutsi rebels gained control, millions of Hutus fled the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Tutsi then invaded the DRC, creating a civil war in which 3.5 million people died.• Sudan was also hurt by ethnic violence.• In Darfur, Arab militants attacked African tribal groups with support of the Arab-led governments. Despite a truce in May 2006, fighting continues.In South Africa, whites implemented asystem of racial segregation calledA. Pan-AfricanismB. Mau MauC. Apartheid A. A B. BD. African socialism 0% C. 0% C 0% 0% D. D