Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2010

Chuẩn đoán bệnh động vật thủy sản 2010 là cuốn sách do tổ chức Sức Khoẻ Động Vật Thế Giới (OIE) xuất bản . Sách hướng dẫn chi tiết nhiều phương pháp chẩn đoán các tác nhân khác nhau gây bệnh trên các loài động vật thuỷ sản. Các phương chẩn đoán được trình bày rất chi tiết và dễ hiểu.
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Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2010 Summary Introduction Contributors Abbreviations DefinitionsPart 1 General provisionsSection 1.1 Introductory chaptersChapter 1.1.1 Quality management in veterinary testing laboratoriesChapter 1.1.2 Principles and methods of validation of diagnostic assays for infectious diseasesChapter 1.1.3 Methods for disinfection of aquaculture establishmentsPart 2 Recommendations applicable to specific diseases General introductionSection 2.1 Diseases of amphibiansChapter 2.1.0 General informationChapter 2.1.1 Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisChapter 2.1.2 Infection with ranavirusSection 2.2 Diseases of crustaceansChapter 2.2.0 General informationChapter 2.2.1 Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)Chapter 2.2.2 Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosisChapter 2.2.3 Infectious myonecrosisChapter 2.2.4 Taura syndromeChapter 2.2.5 White spot diseaseChapter 2.2.6 White tail diseaseChapter 2.2.7 Yellowhead diseaseSection 2.3 Diseases of fishChapter 2.3.0 General informationChapter 2.3.1 Epizootic haematopoietic necrosisChapter 2.3.2 Epizootic ulcerative syndromeChapter 2.3.3 Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)Chapter 2.3.4 Infectious haematopoietic necrosisChapter 2.3.5 Infectious salmon anaemiaChapter 2.3.6 Koi herpesvirus diseaseChapter 2.3.7 Red sea bream iridoviral diseaseChapter 2.3.8 Spring viraemia of carpChapter 2.3.9 Viral haemorrhagic septicaemiaSection 2.4 Diseases of molluscsChapter 2.4.0 General informationChapter 2.4.1 Infection with abalone herpes-like virus (NB: Version adopted in May 2010)Chapter 2.4.2 Infection with Bonamia exitiosaChapter 2.4.3 Infection with Bonamia ostreae (NB: Version adopted in May 2010)Chapter 2.4.4 Infection with Marteilia refringensChapter 2.4.5 Infection with Perkinsus marinusChapter 2.4.6 Infection with Perkinsus olseniChapter 2.4.7 Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensisPart 3 OIE expertise List of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centre for diseases of amphibians, crustaceans, fish and molluscs INTRODUCTIONThe clinical signs expressed by amphibians, crustaceans, fish and molluscs infected with the diseases listed in theOIE Aquatic Animal Health Code (Aquatic Code) are not always pathognomonic. Moreover, animals may besubclinically infected with the causative agents of these diseases, i.e. they may not show any clinical signs.The only reliable approach for detection of aquatic animal diseases therefore lies in the specific identification of thepathogens using laboratory methods. These methods, which are suitable for the detection of isolated cases ofdisease as part of national aquatic animal health surveillance/control programmes, form the main contents of this theManual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals (Aquatic Manual).Such health surveillance programmes aim to determine, from the results provided by standardised laboratoryprocedures performed with samples collected according to defined rules, the health status of aquatic animal stocksfrom a particular production site and even a geographical zone or entire country. The satisfactory implementation ofsuch aquatic animal health surveillance/control programmes requires the existence of both adequate legislation andresources in each country interested in aquatic animal health.The detection methods presented in this Aquatic Manual are all direct diagnostic methods. Because of theinsufficient development of serological methodology, the detection of antibodies to pathogens in fish has not thus farbeen accepted as a routine method for assessing the health status of fish populations. Molluscs and crustaceans donot produce antibodies as a response to infection. For fish, the validation of some serological techniques fordiagnosis of certain infections could arise in the near future, rendering the use of serology more widely acceptable fordiagnostic purposes.In earlier editions of the Aquatic Manual, the only detection methods described for screening or diagnosis of fishdiseases have been based either on isolation of the pathogen followed by its specific identification, or on thedemonstration of pathogen-specific antigens using an immunological detection method. However, in recent years,molecular techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA probes and in-situ hybridisation have beenincreasingly developed for these purposes.The experiences of the last decade indicate that the PCR techniques will eventually supersede many of the classicaldirect methods of infectious agent detection. It is clear that in many laboratories ...