Purpose

Tham khảo bài thuyết trình 'purpose', ngoại ngữ, anh văn thương mại phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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Purpose NGHỆ THUẬT LÃNH ĐẠO MSMH: NS301DV01 Purpose After studying this chapter, you will be able to: ● Define leadership and leadership effectiveness ● Explain why people need leadership ● Discuss the major obstacles to effective leadership ● Compare and contrast leadership and management ● List the roles and functions of leaders and managers ● Summarize the debate over the role and impact Content ● Effective leadership ● Obstacles to effective leadership ● Leadership and management ● Roles and functions of a leader ● Changes in organizations and expectations of leaders Chapter 1: Definition and Significance of Leadership Chapter 1 1.1- Effective Leadership What is leadership? ● Leadership is a group of phenomenon. There can be no leaders without followers. As such, leadership always involves interpersonal influence or persuasion. ● Leadership is goal directed and plays an active role in groups and organizations. Leaders use influence to guide others through a certain course of action or toward the achievement of certain goals. What is leadership? ● The presence of leaders assume some forms of hierarchy within a group. ○ Formal hierarchy, with leader at the top ○ Informal and flexible hierarchy. Who is a leader? ● A leader is a person who influences individuals and groups within an organization, helps them in establishing goals, and guide them toward achievement of those goals, thereby allowing them to be effective. What is effectiveness? ● Fred Friedler’s Contingency Model: Leadership effectiveness = Performance. ○ Leaders are effective when their group perform well. ● Robert House’s Path-Goals Theory: Leadership effectiveness = Followers satisfaction. ○ Leaders are effective when their followers are satisfied. ● Transformational and Visional Leadership Models: Effectiveness is the successful implementation of large scale change in an organization. What is effectiveness? ● Community point of view: ○ “Effectiveness is helping people communicate more, collaborate more, and innovate more” (Mieszkowski, 1998) ○ “Cooperation, aligning people’ self-interest, and getting buy-in from the people who are affected by the leader’s decisions” (Baker, 2006) ○ “Helping the community, and bring self-sufficient” (Salter, 2000a) ● Sales point of view: Satisfied customer. Effectiveness can only be achieved by providing “attentive, sincere, memorable service” (McGregor, 2004a: 83) What is effectiveness? 1. The definitions of leadership effectiveness are as diverse as the definitions of organizational effectiveness. The choice of a certain definition depends mostly ● on the point of view of the person trying to determine effectiveness, and ● on the constituents who are being considered. What is effectiveness? 2. Fred Luthans (1989): defines leadership effectiveness by distinguishing between effective and successful managers. Effective Managers Successful Managers Those with satisfied Those who are and productive promoted quickly employees Spend their time Focus not on communicating with employees. Instead, subordinates, they concentrate on managing conflicts, networking activities What is effectiveness? 3. Any definition of leadership effectiveness should consider all different roles and functions that a leader performs. ● In fact, organizations often fall back on simplistic measures, regardless of how satisfied the company’s employees are. ● Stockholders and financials consider a CEO to be effective if company stock prices keep increasing. ● Politicians are effective if the polls indicate their popularity is high and if they are reelected. ● A football coach is effective when the team is winning. ● Students’ scores on standardized tests determine a school principal’s effectiveness. What is effectiveness? ● The common thread in all these examples of effectiveness is the focus on outcome. ○ To judge their effectiveness, we look at the results of what leaders accomplish. ○ Process issues, such as employees’ satisfaction, are important but are rarely the primary indicator of effectiveness. What is effectiveness? The definition of leadership effectiveness, therefore, should contain 3 elements: ● Goals achievement: meeting financial goals, producing quality products or services, addressing the needs of customers… ● Smooth internal process: group cohesion, followers’ satisfaction, and efficient operations. ● External adaptability: group’s ability to change and evolve successfully When is a leader effective? ● Leaders are effective when their followers achieve their goals, can function well together, and can adapt to changing demands from external forces. Why do we need leaders? ● To keep group orderly and focused. The existence of groups require some form of organization and hierarchy. Leaders are needed to pull the individuals together, organize and coordinate their efforts. ● To accomplish tasks. Groups allow us to accomplish tasks that individuals alone could not undertake or complete. Leaders are needed to facilitate that accomplishment, to provide goals and directions, and coordinate activities. ● To make sense of the world. Groups and their leaders provide individuals with a perceptual check. Leaders help us make sense of the world, establish social reality, and assign meaning to events and situations that may be ambiguous. ● To be romantic ideals. Leadership is needed to fulfill our desire for mythical or romantic figures who represent us and Chapter 1 1.2- Obstacles to Effective Leadership Obstacles To Effective Leadership ● Organizations face considerable uncer ...