RATE-DISTORTION ANALYSIS AND TRAFFIC MODELING OF SCALABLE VIDEO CODERS

RATE-DISTORTION ANALYSIS AND TRAFFIC MODELING OF SCALABLE VIDEO CODERS A Dissertation by MIN DAI Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYApproved as to style and content by:
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RATE-DISTORTION ANALYSIS AND TRAFFIC MODELING OF SCALABLE VIDEO CODERSRATE-DISTORTION ANALYSIS AND TRAFFIC MODELING OF SCALABLE VIDEO CODERS A Dissertation by MIN DAI Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2004 Major Subject: Electrical Engineering RATE-DISTORTION ANALYSIS AND TRAFFIC MODELING OF SCALABLE VIDEO CODERS A Dissertation by MIN DAI Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYApproved as to style and content by: Andrew K. Chan Dmitri Loguinov (Co-Chair of Committee) (Co-Chair of Committee) Karen L. Butler-Purry Erchin Serpedin (Member) (Member) Chanan Singh (Head of Department) December 2004 Major Subject: Electrical Engineering iii ABSTRACT Rate-Distortion Analysis and Traffic Modeling of Scalable Video Coders. (December 2004) Min Dai, B.S., Shanghai Jiao Tong University; M.S., Shanghai Jiao Tong University Co–Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Andrew K. Chan Dr. Dmitri LoguinovIn this work, we focus on two important goals of the transmission of scalable videoover the Internet. The first goal is to provide high quality video to end users and thesecond one is to properly design networks and predict network performance for videotransmission based on the characteristics of existing video traffic. Rate-distortion(R-D) based schemes are often applied to improve and stabilize video quality; how-ever, the lack of R-D modeling of scalable coders limits their applications in scalablestreaming. Thus, in the first part of this work, we analyze R-D curves of scalable videocoders and propose a novel operational R-D model. We evaluate and demonstratethe accuracy of our R-D function in various scalable coders, such as Fine GranularScalable (FGS) and Progressive FGS coders. Furthermore, due to the time-constraintnature of Internet streaming, we propose another operational R-D model, which isaccurate yet with low computational cost, and apply it to streaming applications forquality control purposes. The Internet is a changing environment; however, most quality control approachesonly consider constant bit rate (CBR) channels and no specific studies have been con-ducted for quality control in variable bit rate (VBR) channels. To fill this void, weexamine an asymptotically stable congestion control mechanism and combine it with ivour R-D model to present smooth visual quality to end users under various networkconditions. Our second focus in this work concerns the modeling and analysis of video traffic,which is crucial to protocol design and efficient network utilization for video trans-mission. Although scalable video traffic is expected to be an important source forthe Internet, we find that little work has been done on analyzing or modeling it. Inthis regard, we develop a frame-level hybrid framework for modeling multi-layer VBRvideo traffic. In the proposed framework, the base layer is modeled using a combi-nation of wavelet and time-domain methods and the enhancement layer is linearlypredicted from the base layer using the cross-layer correlation. vTo my parents vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My deepest gratitude and respect first go to my advisors Prof. Andrew Chanand Prof. Dmitri Loguinov. This work would never have been done without theirsupport and guidance. I would like to thank my co-advisor Prof. Chan for giving me the freedom tochoose my research topic and for his continuous support to me during all the ups anddowns I went through at Texas A&M University. Furthermore, I cannot help feelinglucky to be able to work with my co-advisor Prof. Loguinov. I am amazed andimpressed by his intelligence, creativity, and his serious attitude towards research.Had it not been for his insightful advice, encouragement, and generous support, thiswork could not have been completed. I would also like to thank Prof. Karen L. Butler-Purry and Prof. Erchin Serpedinfor taking their precious time to serve on my committee. In addition to my committee members, I benefited greatly from working withMr. Kourosh Soroushian and the research group members at LSI Logic. It was Mr.Soroushian’s projects that first attracted me into this field of video communication.Many thanks to him for his encouragement and support during and even after myinternship. In addition, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincerest appre-ciation to my friends and fellow students at Texas A&M University. They providedme with constant support and a balanced and fulfilled life at this university. ZigangYang, Ge Gao, Beng Lu, Jianhong Jiang, Yu Zhang, and Zhongmin Liu have be ...