Summary of Biotechnology doctoral thesis: Evaluation of changes in proliferation and cytoskeletal structure of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells under simulated microgravity

The aim of this thesis was to gain an understanding of how the simulated microgravity condition affects the development of hucMSC by investigating the changes in cell morphology, proliferation and cytoskeleton structure of hucMSCs under in vitro condition.
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Summary of Biotechnology doctoral thesis: Evaluation of changes in proliferation and cytoskeletal structure of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells under simulated microgravity MINISTRY OF EDUCATION VIETNAM ACADEMY OF AND TRAINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ----------------------------- Hồ Nguyễn Quỳnh Chi EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN PROLIFERATION AND CYTOSKELETAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS UNDER SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY Major: Biotechnology Code: 9 42 02 01 SUMMARY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY DOCTORAL THESIS Ho Chi Minh – 2021 The thesis was carried out at: Graduate University of Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Supervisor: Prof. Hoàng Nghĩa Sơn Reviewer 1: … Reviewer 2: … Reviewer 3: …. The thesis will be defended to the Academy-level doctoral thesis committee at Graduate University of Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology at…, ……………… 2021. The thesis can be found at: - Library of Graduate University of Science and Technology - National Library of Vietnam 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale In gravitational biology, studies of microgravity in space have shown many effects of gravity conditions on biological processes, gravity-sensitive mechanisms, or the gravity-based orientation of organisms. However, research in space has encountered a number of difficulties, including expensive research facilities and negative effects of microgravity on astronauts. To overcome the above difficulties, scientists have developed biological system models that simulate conditions similar to the microgravity in space for further gravitational studies on living organisms. Many studies showed that cells in different organisms behave differently in space than they do on Earth. Due to the great diversity of cell types in nature, the effects of microgravity on those cells are extremely diverse and often complex. Some studies on the role of microgravity in cell proliferation and differentiation have demonstrated that cells that grow in microgravity develop differently than under normal conditions, leading to notable changes in cell division. Cytoskeleton is also one of the most affected structure under microgravity. The cytoskeleton forms the main structure of the cell and includes interactions between microtubules, actin microfibers, intermediate microfibers and related proteins. Hence, the cytoskeleton is very much related to the cell shape. Abnormalities in the organization of microtubules and microfibers in the cytoskeleton can have a detrimental effect on the cell itself, even with very large consequences when the cell is in the embryonic stage. The mechanisms of proliferative and cytoskeletal structural changes under microgravity have not been clearly demonstrated yet. 2 Umbilical mesenchymal stem cells are potential cell lines, and their acquisition does not pose as many of the ethical issues as other strains of mesenchymal stem cells. Currently, there are not many reports on the effect of microgravity on umbilical medial stem cells, thus, the study used this cell line as the subject to evaluate the effects of microgravity. From the above reasons, this thesis research used 3D clinostat to create simulated microgravity environment to evaluate the effect of simulated microgravity conditions on the proliferation and cytoskeletal structure of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs). 2. Overall goals The aim of this thesis was to gain an understanding of how the simulated microgravity condition affects the development of hucMSC by investigating the changes in cell morphology, proliferation and cytoskeleton structure of hucMSCs under in vitro condition. 3. Objectives ‒ Evaluate the effect of simulated microgravity on the proliferation of hucMSCs. ‒ Evaluate the effect of simulated microgravity on the apoptosis of hucMSCs. ‒ Evaluate the effect of simulated microgravity on the morphology of nucleus and cytoplasm of hucMSCs. ‒ Evaluate the effect of simulated microgravity on the cytoskeleton of hucMSCs. 3 CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. The role of biological research in space This section outlines the importance and fields of biological research in space. 1.2. Introduction of microgravity and simulated microgravity This section introduces an overview and gives the concepts of simulated microgravity and microgravity. 1.3. Simulated microgravity systems This section introduces some simulated microgravity systems and the studies done on these systems. 1.4. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells This section presents the biological properties of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their advantages in research. 1.5. Cell proliferation Presentation of the concepts of cell proliferation, cell cycle, factors that regulate the cell cycle, and studies on the effect of microgravity on cell proliferation. 1.6. Apoptosis This section presents the concept, factors that influence the apoptosis and methods to detect apoptosis. 1.7. Nucleus and cytoplasm This section presents the concepts, factors affecting the morphology of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm and methods to evaluate them. 1.8. Cytoskeleton This section presents the structural components of the cytoskeleton and studies on the effect of microgravity on the cytoskeleton. 4 CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Materials ‒ Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) were provided by The Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City. ‒ The ...