The Illustrated Network- P81

The Illustrated Network- P81:In this chapter, you will learn about the protocol stack used on the global publicInternet and how these protocols have been evolving in today’s world. We’llreview some key basic defi nitions and see the network used to illustrate all of theexamples in this book, as well as the packet content, the role that hosts and routersplay on the network, and how graphic user and command line interfaces (GUIand CLI, respectively) both are used to interact with devices.
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The Illustrated Network- P81Index6 to 4 tunnels, 255 Administratively scoped addresses, 40710Base2, 87 AfriNIC (African Network Information10G-base-er (extended range), 88 Center), 138100BaseT, 87 Agent/manager model, 616 Ethernet LANs, 62 Agents object values, 618A proxy, 617Abrupt close, 292 SNMP message/command acceptance, 627Access charges, 338 software, 616, 617, 621Access control, 33 SSH, 640Access points (APs), 99–100 AH. See Authentication headerActive open, 56 Alternate host address message, 203Active Service Pages (ASP), 562, 570 American National Standards Institute installation, 562 (ANSI), 17 pages, 563 American Standard Code for InformationAdaptive Service Physical Interface Card Interchange (ASCII), 17 (AS PIC), 692 Anonymous FTP, 519 interface, 692 Anycast internal interface supported by, 716 addresses, 116–17 traffic match-up, 692 one-to-many relationship, 488Address resolution, 36 Any-Source Multicast (ASM), 418 ICMPv6, 152, 153 Apache Web server software, 562 IPv6, 152–59 capture, 564, 583 Neighbor Discovery, 161–62 OpenSSL, 588Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 51, 58, SSL test certificate, 589 143–62, 165 “success” page, 564 arriving request, 150 APNIC (Asian Pacific Network Informa- ATM (ATMARP), 146 tion Center), 138 example operation, 155–57 Application layer, 30, 41, 59–60 exchange example, 157 interface, 52 host to host, 146 tasks, 41 host to router, 146 See also TCP/IP layers Illustrated Network, 144–45 Application programming interfaces InARP, 146, 159 (APIs), 52 IPv6 and, 159–62 Applications LANs and, 146–53 layers and, 301–4 layers and, 146 multicast, 406, 407 Proxy, 157–58 TCP/IP, 11, 41, 42–43 request and reply process, 156 UDP, 59 results, 143 ARIN (American Registry for Internet RARP, 146, 158 Numbers), 138 router to host, 147 ARP cache, 143, 156 router to router, 147 entry deletion, 151 scenarios illustration, 147 Linux display of, 151 tables, 146 Windows XP display of, 152 variations, 157–59 See also Address Resolution Protocol WANs and, 158–59 ARP messages, 153–55 Windows XP reply capture, 150 fields illustration, 154 See also ARP cache; ARP messages Hardware Size field, 155770 IndexARP messages (cont’d) Authentication header (AH), 713, 723–25 Operation field, 155 Authentication Data field, 725 Protocol Size field, 155 fields, 724–25 Sender’s Ethernet Address field, ICV, 723 155 Next Header field, 724 Sender’s IP Address field, 155 packet formats, 723 Target Ethernet Address field, 155 Payload Length field, 724 Target IP Address field, 155 Reserved field, 724 Type of Hardware field, 154 Sequence Number field, 724 Type of Protocol field, 154 SPI field, 724 uses, 163 Authoritative servers, 487 See also Address Resolution Protocol Automatic IP addressing, 112 (ARP) Automatic tunneling, 253ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation version 1), Autonomous system numbers (ASNs), 618 348–49Asymmetric DSL (ADSL), 95 Autonomous systems (ASs), 332–34Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), 18, 71, border routers (ASBRs), 332, 368, 369, 370 85, 434, 438–41 multihomed, 389 ATMARP, 146 RIPng and, 345 cell header, 439 router connectivity, 333 cell relay, 439 Auxiliary port, 248 connection identifier, 440 Avaya VoIP software, 738 as international standard, 439 logical links, 90 B switches, 442 Backbone routers, 246, 334 VCI, 159 architecture, 246 VPI, 159 running RIPng, 351Attributes, BGP, 393 Backdoor links, 368 AGGREGATOR, 394 Backup Designated Router (BDR), 370–71 AS_PATH, 394 Bandwidth ATOMIC_AGGREGATE, 394 in protocol evolution, 3–6 CLUSTER_LIST, 395 QOS, 327 COMMUNITY, 394–95 Base64 encoding, 545 discretionary, 393 Beacon frames, 99 list of, 393 Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), LOCAL_PREF, 394 497 mandatory, 393 ...