Bài giảng Tiếng Anh 4: Phần 2

Nối tiếp phần 1, "Bài giảng Tiếng Anh 4: Phần 2" tiếp tục trình bày những nội dung về developing skills for the TOEIC test; gerunds and infinitives; auxiliary verbs ; subject-verb agreement; verb form and tenses; participial forms; comparatives and superlatives;... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!
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Bài giảng Tiếng Anh 4: Phần 2 HỌC VIỆN CÔNG NGHỆ BƯU CHÍNH VIỄN THÔNG BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH 4 (Dành cho sinh viên chính quy hệ Đại học và Cao đẳng) NGƯỜI BIÊN SOẠN: ThS. GVC. PHẠM THỊ NGUYÊN THƯ Hà Nội, 2013 BÀI GIẢNG MÔN TIẾNG ANH 4 PART 2 DEVELOPING SKILLS FOR THE TOEIC TEST (TOEIC - TEST OF ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION) 114 BÀI GIẢNG MÔN TIẾNG ANH 4 UNIT 1: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 1. Infinitives: An infinitive is the base form of a verb with to preceding it.  Use a to-infinitive after the following common verbs: agree, decide, expect, happen, pretend, promise, manage, tend. E.g. He decided to go home.  Use a to-infinitive after the following common verbs plus their object: advise, allow, expect, forbid, want, force, tell. E.g. His manager allowed him to go home.  Use an infinitive without to after the following common verbs plus their object: have, let, make, feel, see, hear, smell, find. E.g. He let Tom go home. 2. Gerunds: A gerund is the –ing form of a verb. It is used as a noun.  Use an –ing form after the following common verbs: avoid, can’t help, deny, feel like, give up, imagine, mind, postpone, enjoy. E.g. He denies eating the cake.  The gerund is always used when a verb is followed by a preposition: admit to, approve of, argue about, believe in, care about, complain about, concentrate on, confess to. E.g. They appologised for being late. 3. Choosing between Infinitives and Gerunds  The following common verbs allow both a to-infinitive form and an -ing form. Sentences with either form will have the same meaning. They are: attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love neglect, prefer, regret, stand, can’t stand, start. E.g. He hates running/ He hates to run.  The following common verbs allow both a to-infinitive form and an -ing form. However, their meanings are different in each cases: remember, forget, stop, regret, try. E.g. I forgot to turn the lights off (= I didn’t turn it off, and it remained on.) I forgot turning the lights off (= I actually turned it off. I forgot I had done that.) 115 BÀI GIẢNG MÔN TIẾNG ANH 4 Note: The choice of a to-infinitive form or an -ing form depends on the meaning. 4. Choosing Subjects  Use objective case pronouns with an infinitive E.g. Expect him to help him. Allow them to do it Let him go.  Use a possessive pronoun with a gerund. E.g. Enjoy their singing. Mind my smoking. EXERCISE: Choose the correct form of the verbs to complete the sentences. 1. Bill agreed ............... us at the restaurant at 8:30, but he never showed up. (to meet/ meeting) 2. Jennifer practiced ............... the word until she sounded just like a native speaker. (pronounce/ pronouncing) 3. Our art teacher encouraged ............... with different colors. (experimenting/to experiment) 4. Dana hopes ............... enough money to travel around Europe for three months. It's her dream. (saving/ to save) 5. ............... is her life. That is why Susan moved to New York to study dancing professionally. (to dance/ dancing) 6. Constance plans ............... part in the marathon next spring. (taking/ to take) 7. I can't help ............... how my grandmother's life would have been different if she had been able to go to college. (to wonder/ wondering) 8. The doctor advised ............... a specialist about the problem. (seeing/ to see) 9. ............... helped me strengthen my injured leg. (swimming/ to swim) 10. After the tsunami, Bette chose in Indonesia and work with a relief organization. (to stay/ staying) 116 BÀI GIẢNG MÔN TIẾNG ANH 4 11. ................... is a great way to relax. I love to sit back and enjoy a good book. (reading/ to read) 12. Why do you always get ............... first? I want to go first this time! (being/ to be) 13. When you're in Prague, I recommend ............... from the Charles Bridge to the castle at night. (walking/ to walk) 14. Susanne just happened ............... in the restaurant when Julia Roberts walked in! Can you believe that? (being/ to be) 15. Eye specialists urge ............... frequent breaks while using the computer for extended periods of time. (taking/ to take) 16. I thought you knew nothing about cars. Where did you learn ............... a flat tire? (changing/ to change) 17. My favorite thing is ............... on my back in the sea. (to float/ floating) 18. The Egyptology course requires ............... in six months of field studies near Luxor, Egypt. (participating/ to participate) 19. The nurse risked ............... the disease from her patient, but she continued to treat him until he had fully recovered. (getting/ to get) 20. Dad, you promised ............... us to the beach today. When are we going to go to the beach? (to take/ taking) 117 BÀI GIẢNG MÔN TIẾNG ANH 4 UNIT 2: AUXILIARY VERBS Auxiliary verbs are used in conjunction with main verbs to show differences in time and mood. Common auxiliary verbs are: do, have, will, shall, may, might, ...