Beginning Chemistry

Hóa học là nghiên cứu của vật chất, bao gồm cả thành phần của nó, tính chất của nó, cấu trúc của nó, những thay đổi mà nó trải qua, và pháp luật về quản những thay đổi. Vấn đề là bất cứ điều gì có khối lượng và chiếm không gian. Bất kỳ vật liệu đối tượng, không có vấn đề làm thế nào lớn hay nhỏ, bao gồm của vật chất. trong Ngược lại, ánh sáng, nhiệt, và âm thanh là hình thức năng lượng. Năng lượng là khả năng để tạo ra thay đổi. Bất cứ khi nào một sự thay đổi...
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Beginning Chemistry SCHAUM’S Easy OUTLINES BEGINNING CHEMISTRY Other Books in Schaum’s Easy Outlines Series Include: Schaum’s Easy Outline: Calculus Schaum’s Easy Outline: College Algebra Schaum’s Easy Outline: College Mathematics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Differential Equations Schaum’s Easy Outline: Discrete Mathematics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Elementary Algebra Schaum’s Easy Outline: Geometry Schaum’s Easy Outline: Intermediate Algebra Schaum’s Easy Outline: Linear Algebra Schaum’s Easy Outline: Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables Schaum’s Easy Outline: Precalculus Schaum’s Easy Outline: Probability and Statistics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Statistics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Trigonometry Schaum’s Easy Outline: Bookkeeping and Accounting Schaum’s Easy Outline: Business Statistics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Economics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Principles of Accounting Schaum’s Easy Outline: Biology Schaum’s Easy Outline: Biochemistry Schaum’s Easy Outline: College Chemistry Schaum’s Easy Outline: Genetics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Human Anatomy and Physiology Schaum’s Easy Outline: Molecular and Cell Biology Schaum’s Easy Outline: Organic Chemistry Schaum’s Easy Outline: Applied Physics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Physics Schaum’s Easy Outline: HTML Schaum’s Easy Outline: Programming with C++ Schaum’s Easy Outline: Programming with Java Schaum’s Easy Outline: Basic Electricity Schaum’s Easy Outline: Electromagnetics Schaum’s Easy Outline: Introduction to Psychology Schaum’s Easy Outline: French Schaum’s Easy Outline: German Schaum’s Easy Outline: Spanish Schaum’s Easy Outline: Writing and Grammar SCHAUM’S Easy OUTLINES BEGINNING CHEMISTRY Based on Schaum’s O u t l i n e o f T h e o r y a n d P ro b l e m s o f B e g i n n i n g C h e m i s t r y, S e c o n d E d i t i o n b y D a v i d E . G o l d b e r g , Ph.D. Abridgement Editor K a t h e r i n e E . C u l l e n , Ph.D. SCHAUM’S OUTLINE SERIES M c G R AW - H I L L New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-HIll Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data- base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143105-5 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-142239-0. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales pro- motions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUAR- ANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMA- TION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the func- tions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inac- curacy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no ci ...