DICKIE'S INSTITUTIONAL THEORY AND THE 'OPENNESS' OF THE CONCEPT OF ART

Probably the first commercial to make use of the newly invented principle of abstract composition was Walther Ruttmann’s ‘Der Sieger’, produced by Julius Pinschewer in 1922 for Excelsior tyres, where he adopted many ideas and motifs already present in his 1921 abstract work Opus 1. ‘Der Sieger’ was shot in black and white, coloured by combining toning with hand-colouring (cf Brinckmann, 1997: 263). Oskar Fischinger’s ‘Kreise’, produced in 1933 for TOLIRAG (Ton- und Lichtspiel-Reklame AG) in colour on Gasparcolor, showed a series of mov- ing circles perfectly synchronised with music composed by Richard Wagner and Edvard Grieg, the circles...