How the japanese learn to work 2nd edition - part 6

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How the japanese learn to work 2nd edition - part 6 Post-secondary, non-university VET 85cent of all leavers) comes in the fourth category—schools where 20–40 percent of leavers went on to college or university. Those in higher ranks areless likely to go because they are bent on getting into colleges or universities—though the contraction in university places has been raising senshu entrancerates over time from among the graduates of those schools too. Those at thebottom are less likely to go because they have long since been mentallyprepared to go straight to work at the end of high school; ‘the system’ longsince made it clear that the university was not for them—though, again, timeseries show that a restriction in job opportunities leads to an increase innumbers going on to senshu-gakko from these schools too. But the primecandidates for senshu entry are those in the intermediate-rank schools, whereenvironmental pressures keep them wavering between trying for a job orgetting further training. The researchers uncovered, also, a geographical locational effect as wellas a school effect. Some prefectures have far cheaper senshu places availablethan others. Higher overall prefectural attendance rates at such schools leadsto a greater salience of senshu schools in the public consciousness, whichincreases the propensity to consider that option. And so on. Thus, even schoolswith the same level of university progression have different senshu entryrates depending on the prefecture. The 20–40 per cent schools which havean overall 20 per cent senshu entry rate, have a 27 per cent rate in the mostsenshu-entry-prone prefectures, a 17 per cent rate in the least. But quite clearly, as other studies show, ‘opting for a senshu school’ isnot by any means a single homogeneous category of action. It is frequentlysuggested that the senshu schools are filled with what are known as the ‘might-as-well’ tribe. Disappointed in their initial hopes of passing the entrance testfor a good firm, or the college or university they had hoped for, they decidethat they ‘might as well’ try a senshu-gakko in the hope that it might improvetheir job chances. But there are other different categories. There are also youngsters whohave set their heart on becoming cartoon animators or fashion designers andset out determinedly for a school that will help them to become one. It seemsthat hairdressers, cooks and dieticians are more likely to fall into this pattern.An interesting survey by Recruit Research (2,000 students in 44 senshuschools) found that more than 60 per cent of the students in hairdressingschools and cook/dietician schools said that they were doing what theyintended all along to do. Only about 30 per cent made the same claim in theindustrial, business and teacher-training schools. The percentages in thefashion, design, domestic science, art and music and nursing schools were86 How the Japanes learn to workin the 40s. The next question was only to those who had come to a senshuschool as second best. What had been their first best? The industrial, design,art and music students were the disappointed college students—60 per centof the reluctant joiners, or 40 per cent of the whole. For hairdressers, cooksand dieticians who had hoped for something else, that something else wasmuch more likely to have been an immediate job (Recruit 1985). How far the second best is a best at all depends very much on the school.There is a general impression that it adds very little to the chances of careersuccess. In the National Institute study, the 1,000 high school teachers incharge of their graduands’ career guidance were asked to rate their agreementor disagreement with a number of judgements about the senshu schools. Thestatement with which there was the strongest general level of disagreementwas: it is easier to get a job if you have been to a senshu school than if youhave only been to a high school. The question did not contain the proviso,but probably should have done, ‘if you are looking for a job outside yourhome district’. A senshu-gakko qualification is a good deal less powerfulthan recommendation from a known local school. But the extent to which this common judgement about the general run ofsenshu schools applies to particular schools is limited. The statement thehigh school teachers disagreed with least was: there is a great variation inthe reliability of these schools. Undoubtedly, many of these schools are ofpoor quality. There are some, on the other hand, which have a high reputationfor brisk efficiency, whose graduates are keenly sought by employers, andwhose entrance examinations reject a good number of applicants. (Morethan 20 per cent of the industrial senshu school students in the RecruitResearch survey reference had not got into their first-choice senshu school,nearly the ...