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kĩ năng viết trong các bài test 1 – WORLD HISTORY –T he Civil War Big BusinessAbraham Lincoln, considered by the South to be a threat From 1860 into the next century, the United States expe-to slavery, was elected president in 1860. Eleven southern rienced an explosion of industrialization. Just as thestates withdrew from the Union. They formed a separate Industrial Revolution changed Europe, it altered life in thegovernment called the Confederate States of America. new nation. Natural resources, technological advances,Here is the division between free and slave states in 1861: railroad expansion, and a new wave of immigrants in the workforce made industrial growth possible. Businesses began to operate over broad geographic areas and grew F REE S TATES Maine Indiana into large corporations. Tycoons of the steel and oil New Hampshire Illinois industry like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller Vermont Michigan controlled much of the marketplace. The powerful Massachusetts Wisconsin industrialists supported the policy of laissez-faire: They Rhode Island Iowa believed government should not interfere with business. Connecticut Minnesota Large-scale production changed the workplace. New Jersey Kansas Laborers were more likely to work in large factories than New York Oregon in small workshops. Machines and unskilled workers Pennsylvania California replaced skilled workers to keep costs down. Many Ohio worked long hours doing monotonous work in danger- ous conditions. As a result, national labor unions began to form to protect the rights of workers. The first S LAVE S TATES Maryland South Carolina* national labor union was the Knights of Labor, which Delaware Georgia* organized in 1869. In 1886, the American Federation of Virginia* Florida* Labor (AFL) formed, joining together a network of local Kentucky Alabama* unions. Led by Samuel Gompers, an immigrant cigar Missouri Mississippi* maker, the union rallied for improved hours, wages, and Louisiana* Arkansas* working conditions. Reformers, called the Progressives, Texas* Tennessee* wanted to curb the power of big business and protect North Carolina* working people. Among other goals, progressive reform- ers wanted to end child labor and introduce a minimum wage. Through their efforts, government at the local, T ERRITORIES Washington Nevada state, and national level began to regulate business. Dakota Colorado New Mexico Utah E XERCISE 5 Indian Nebraska Use the information from the big business passage to select the best answer for each question. The answers are*Confederate States on page 168. In 1861, Confederate soldiers opened fire on Fort 1. Which of the following slogans would industrial-Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, and the Civil War ist John D. Rockefeller most likely support?began. The “War Between the States” lasted four years a. Live Free or Dieand eventually killed 600,000 people. It also destroyed an b. Our Union, Our Voiceestimated $5 billion in property. The war ended in 1865 ...