Kỹ thuật thiết kế và lắp đặt lồng nuôi

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Kỹ thuật thiết kế và lắp đặt lồng nuôi 1 Introduction and History of Cage Culture Chua Thia Eng1 and Elsie Tech2 1Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), DENR Compound, Visayas Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines; 2Asian Fisheries Society 25-A Mayaman Street, UP Village, Quezon City, Philippines History of Cage Culture were also reports of similar culture practices in Indonesia in the 1920s and 1940s (Hickling, 1962). Open sea activities, such as cage and pen Marine fish farming in cages traces its culture, are viewed by many stakeholders in beginnings to the 1950s in Japan where fish the industry as the aquaculture system of farming research at the Fisheries Laboratory the millennium. Fish production from cages of the Kinki University led to the com- and pens (both in freshwater and marine mercial culture of the yellowtail, Seriola environments) contributes significantly to quinqueradiata. Takashima and Arimoto total foodfish produced. Cage culture has (2000), however, traced back a history of 200 made possible the large-scale production of years where wooden farm net cages were commercial finfish and will probably be being operated for anchovies or sardines or the most efficient and economical way of bait for skipjack. Similar cages were later raising fish. used for yellowtail culture in Japan and Aquaculturists realize the need to limit developed into a significant industry as further conversion of wetlands and man- early as 1960. The cage culture of common groves into traditional aquaculture farms. carp (Cyprinus carpio) in lakes also started We face a situation where even freshwater at this time (Kuronuma, 1968). Since the ecosystems have reached critical levels 1970s, Thailand has developed cage culture with respect to their carrying capacities. techniques for two important marine finfish: The depletion of ocean and coastal fishery the seabream (Pagrus major) and grouper resources in some areas has led to the (Epinephelus spp.) (Coche, 1976). Chua and development of marine cage culture. Teng (1978) pioneered the development of The earliest record of cage culture cage culture methods/designs for groupers practices dates back to the late 1800s in in Malaysia, although large-scale cage farm- Southeast Asia, particularly in the fresh- ing in marine waters really gained ground in water lakes and river systems of Kampuchea the 1980s and in inland waters in the 1990s (Coche, 1976; Pantulu, 1979; Beveridge, (Shariff and Nagaraj, 2000). Korea started 1987). The fish cultured included snake- growing a European variety of common carp heads (Channa spp.), catfishes (Pangasius and maintained yellowtail in holding cage spp.) and gobies (Oxycleotris spp.). By 1995, enclosures in the late 1970s. By the end more than 5000 fish farmers were engaged of 1980, cage culture of the olive flounder in cage culture in the Mekong river system (Paralichthys olivacens) and black rockfish around Phnom Penh (Thana, 1995). There ©CAB International 2002. Diseases and Disorders of Finfish in Cage Culture (eds P.T.K. Woo, D.W. Bruno and L.H.S. Lim) 1 2 T.E. Chua and E. Tech (Sebastes schlegeli) was established, and Clarias lazera (de Kimpe and Micha, 1974). developed into a successful aquaculture Semi-intensive rearing was done in Lake industry in the 1990s (Kim, 2000). Cage Victoria, Tanzania, using Nile tilapia culture of groupers (Epinephelus spp.) in the (Tilapia zillii) (Ibrahim et al., 1974). Philippines has been practised since the Research initiatives on intensive production 1980s. Mariculture of milkfish in the 1990s of commercial sized Tilapia nilotica were led to the further growth and development of carried out in Lake Kossou, Ivory Coast the industry (Marte et al., 2000). (Coche, 1974, 1975; Shehadeh, 1974). Cook In Europe, cage culture of rainbow trout (1995) reported that it was only in the 1980s (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ...