Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 3: Cells (part a)

Chapter 3 - Cells: The living units (part a). Just as bricks and timbers are the structural units of a house, cells are the structural units of all living things, from one-celled “generalists” like amoebas to complex multicellular organisms such as humans, dogs, and trees. The human body has 50 to 100 trillion of these tiny building blocks. This chapter focuses on structures and functions shared by all cells.
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Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 3: Cells (part a)Cells:TheLivingUnits Thecellisthesmalleststructuraland functionallivingunit Organismalfunctionsdependonindividualand collectivecellfunctions Biochemicalactivitiesofcellsaredictatedbytheir specificsubcellularstructurescalledorganelles Over200differenttypesofhumancells Typesdifferinsize,shape,subcellular components,andfunctions Erythrocytes Fibroblasts Epithelial cells (a) Cells that connect body parts, Nerve cell form linings, or transport gases Skeletal (e) Cell that gathers information Smooth Muscle and control body functions muscle cells cell (b) Cells that move organs and Sperm body parts Macrophage (f) Cell of reproduction Fat cell (c) Cell that stores (d) Cell that nutrients fights diseaseCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.1 Allcellshavesomecommonstructuresand functions Humancellshavefourbasicparts: ◦Plasmamembraneflexibleouterboundary ◦Cytoplasmintracellularfluid ◦Organellesmultiplefunctions ◦Nucleuscontrolcenter Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Plasma Mitochondrion membrane Cytosol Lysosome Centrioles Centrosome matrix Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Secretion being Cytoskeletal released from cell elements by exocytosis • Microtubule • Intermediate filaments PeroxisomeCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.2 Bimolecularlayeroflipidsandproteinsina constantlychangingfluidmosaic Playsadynamicroleincellularactivity Separatesintracellularfluid(ICF)from extracellularfluid(ECF) ◦Interstitialfluid(IF)=ECFthatsurroundscells Extracellular fluid (watery environment) Polar head of Cholesterol phospholipid Glycolipid molecule Glycoprotein Carbohydrate of glycocalyx Outward- Integral facing proteins layer of Filament of phospholipids cytoskeleton Inward-facing Bimolecular Peripheral layer of lipid layer proteins phospholipids containing Nonpolar ...