Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 3: Cells (part c)

Chapter 3 (part c) provides knowledge of the cytoplasm. This chapter describe the composition of the cytosol; discuss the structure and function of mitochondria; discuss the structure and function of ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus, including functional interrelationships among these organelles; compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
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Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 3: Cells (part c)Cells:TheLivingUnits:PartC Locatedbetweenplasmamembraneand nucleus Cytosol ◦Waterwithsolutes(protein,salts,sugars,etc.) Cytoplasmicorganelles ◦Metabolicmachineryofcell Inclusions ◦Granulesofglycogenorpigments,lipiddroplets, vacuoles,andcrystals Membranous  Nonmembranous ◦Mitochondria ◦Cytoskeleton ◦Peroxisomes ◦Centrioles ◦Lysosomes ◦Ribosomes ◦Endoplasmicreticulum ◦Golgiapparatus Doublemembranestructurewithshelflikecristae Providemostofcell’sATPviaaerobiccellular respiration ContaintheirownDNAandRNA Outer mitochondrial membrane Ribosome Mitochondrial DNA Inner mitochondrial (a) membrane Cristae Matrix (c) Enzymes (b)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.17 GranulescontainingproteinandrRNA Siteofproteinsynthesis Freeribosomessynthesizesolubleproteins Membraneboundribosomes(onroughER) synthesizeproteinstobeincorporatedinto membranesorexportedfromthecell Interconnectedtubesandparallelmembranes enclosingcisternae Continuouswithnuclearmembrane Twovarieties: ◦RoughER ◦SmoothER Smooth ER Nuclear envelope Rough ER Ribosomes (a) Diagrammatic view of smooth and rough ERCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.18a Externalsurfacestuddedwithribosomes Manufacturesallsecretedproteins Synthesizesmembraneintegralproteinsand phospholipids Tubulesarrangedinaloopingnetwork Enzyme(integralprotein)functions: ◦Intheliver—lipidandcholesterolmetabolism, breakdownofglycogen,and,alongwithkidneys, detoxificationofdrugs,pesticides,and carcinogens ◦Synthesisofsteroidbasedhormones ◦Inintestinalcells—absorption,synthesis,andtransport offats ◦Inskeletalandcardiacmuscle—storageand releaseofcalcium Stackedandflattenedmembranoussacs Modifies,concentrates,andpackagesproteins andlipids TransportvesselsfromERfusewithconvexcis faceofGolgiapparatus ProteinsthenpassthroughGolgiapparatusto transface SecretoryvesiclesleavetransfaceofGolgistack andmovetodesignatedpartsofcell 1 Protein- containing Rough ER ER Phagosome Plasma vesicles pinch membrane mem- off rough ER Proteins in brane and migrate to cisterna fuse with Pathway C: membranes of Lysosome containing Golgi acid hydrolase apparatus. enzymes 2 Proteins are Vesicle becomes modified within lysosome the Golgi compartments. 3 Proteins are then packaged Secretory Golgi Pathway B: within different vesicle apparatus ...