Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 4: Tissue - The living fabric (part b)

Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, but its amount in particular organs varies. For example, skin consists primarily of connective tissue, while the brain contains very little. This chapter provides knowledge of connective tissue, indicate common characteristics of connective tissue, and list and describe its structural elements.
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Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 4: Tissue - The living fabric (part b) PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric: Part BCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Connective Tissue • Most abundant and widely distributed tissue type • Four classes • Connective tissue proper • Cartilage • Bone tissue • BloodCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 4.1 Major Functions of Connective Tissue • Binding and support • Protection • Insulation • Transportation (blood)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Characteristics of Connective Tissue • Connective tissues have: • Mesenchyme as their common tissue of origin • Varying degrees of vascularity • Cells separated by nonliving extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Structural Elements of Connective Tissue • Ground substance • Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells • Components: • Interstitial fluid • Adhesion proteins (“glue”) • Proteoglycans • Protein core + large polysaccharides (chrondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid) • Trap water in varying amounts, affecting the viscosity of the ground substanceCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Structural Elements of Connective Tissue • Three types of fibers • Collagen (white fibers) • Strongest and most abundant type • Provides high tensile strength • Elastic • Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch • Reticular • Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibersCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Structural Elements of Connective Tissue • Cells • Mitotically active and secretory cells = “blasts” • Mature cells = “cytes” • Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper • Chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilage • Osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone • Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow • Fat cells, white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophagesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Cell types Extracellular matrix Ground substance Macrophage Fibers • Collagen fiber • Elastic fiber • Reticular fiber Fibroblast Lymphocyte Fat cell Capillary Mast cell NeutrophilCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.7 Connective Tissue: Embryonic • Mesenchyme—embryonic connective tissue • Gives rise to all other connective tissues • Gel-like ground substance with fibers and star- shaped mesenchymal cellsCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Overview of Connective Tissues • For each of the following examples of connective tissue, note: • Description • Function • LocationCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Connective Tissue Proper • Types: • Loose connective • Dense connective tissue tissue • Areolar • Dense regular • Adipose • Dense irregular • Reticular • ElasticCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (a) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some Elastic white blood cells. fibers Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in Collagen inflammation; holds and conveys fibers tissue fluid. Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina Fibroblast propria of mucous membranes; ...