russian a self teaching guide phần 10

5. Petya thích nấm pirozhki, thịt pirozhki, và gạo pirozhki, nhưng ông không thích bắp cải pirozhki. 6. Trong thời niên thiếu của tôi, tôi làm việc như một người phục vụ, nhưng bây giờ tôi làm việc như một thư ký. 7. Masha muốn trở thành một ngôi sao điện ảnh lớn.
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russian a self teaching guide phần 10282 RUSSIAN: A Self-Teaching Guide 3. If they follow the antecedent (the noun that is being described), participial phrases are bordered by commas; if they precede the antecedent, there are no commas. 4. Participial phrases of one word generally precede the object they modify. Formation 1. Take the third-person plural form of the verb, drop the last letter, and add the consonant щ plus the appropriate adjective ending. 2. Stress is the same as in the third-person plural form. 3. The particle -ся does not contract with participles. 4. Since a participle behaves like a normal adjective, make sure it agrees with its antecedent in gender, case, and number. It is important to remember that there are two types of agreement. As previ- ously mentioned, котóрый can be only in the nominative case, so the only forms that can be replaced by participles are котóрый, котóрая, котóрое, and котóрые. Participles, however, will agree completely with their antecedents in every way and therefore may represent all cases, all genders, and both numbers. Word Order and Punctuation If a participial phrase follows its antecedent, it will be set off by commas. If the phrase precedes the antecedent, there are no commas. Participial phrases of one word usually stand immediately before the antecedent. This flexibility in the word order of participles allows Russian a wide range of possibilities that are not easily rendered in English. A word-by-word translation of the third set of sentences below will illustrate this fact. The following are examples of pairs of sentences, the first of which uses a participial construction, and the second of which replaces that participial phrase with a котóрый clause. Participles will be boldface to make them easier to identify. Фильм, демонстрñрующийся в этом зáле, сóздан по ромáну Тургéнева. Фильм, котóрый демонстрñруется в œтом зáле, сóздан по ромáну Тургéнева. 283 Participles The movie that is being shown in this hall is based on a novel by Turgenev. Электрñческие проводá изготовлûются из хорошó проводûщих ток метáллов. (Электрñческие проводá изготовлûются из метáллов, хорошó проводûщих ток.) Электрñческие проводá изготовлûются из метáллов, котóрые хорошó провóдят ток. Electrical wires are made from metals that conduct current well (or that are good conductors of current). Блестûщие предмéты отражáют пáдающие на них лучñ свéта. Предмéты, котóрые блестûт, отражáют лучñ свéта, котóрые пáдают на них. Objects that shine reflect the rays of light that fall on them or Shin- ing (shiny) objects reflect the rays of light falling on them. In the first set of examples, the participial phrase follows the antecedent (фильм) and is enclosed by commas. In the second set, the participial phrase precedes the antecedent (метáллов), and the commas are therefore omitted.The two participles in the third set both precede their antecedents (предмéты and лучñ), and commas are not used. Note that single-word participial phrases, such as блестûщие, are so commonly used that most native speakers do not recognize them as participles and perceive them primarily (and correctly) as the adjectives they have become. Recall that participles are also known as verbal adjectives.TEST FOR MASTERY 1 This exercise is a warm-up to the ones that follow. Below you will see phrases or short sentences that contain present active participles. Translate these into English. Remember that the participle precedes its antecedent if there are no commas. Also keep in mind that the word modified by the participle is the per- former of the action of the verb from which the participle is formed. 1. говорûщая лóшадь 4. семьû, снимáющая œтот нóвый дом 2. рÿсско-говорûщие студéнты 5. моû сестрá, живÿщая в Петербÿрге 3. карандашñ, лежáщие на столé 6. мáльчик, игрáющий на балалáйке284 RUSSIAN: A Self-Teaching Guide 7. журналñст, пñшущий статьñ об эконóмике 8. «Спûщая красáвица» ...