Bài giảng môn học Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Tin học - Trịnh Thị Thu Hương

(NB) Bài giảng môn học Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Tin học gồm có 8 đơn vị bài học, cung cấp cho sinh viên các kiến thức về ngữ pháp, từ vựng, dịch câu tiếng Anh trong các lĩnh vực của Tin học như máy tính, phần cứng, phần mềm,... Hy vọng với bài giảng này có thể giúp sinh viên có thể đọc, hiểu một số văn bản tiếng Anh đơn giản. Mời các bạn cung tham khảo.
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Bài giảng môn học Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Tin học - Trịnh Thị Thu Hương BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ XÂY DỰNG BÀI GIẢNG MÔN HỌC TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH TIN HỌC Dùng cho hệ Cao đẳng chuyên nghiệp (Lưu hành nội bộ) Người biên soạn: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương Người phản biện: Tô Thị Thu Vân Uông Bí, năm 2011 English for informatics students By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương CONTENTS Unit 1: What is a computer? page 3 Unit 2: Characteristics page 8 Unit 3: Computers capabilities and limitations page 15 Unit 4: Hardware and software page 21 Unit 5: Microcomputers page 27 Unit 6: The central processing unit page 33 Unit 7: Primary and secondary memory page 38 Unit 8: Types of memory page 44 - 1- English for informatics students By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương FOREWORDS The following collection of texts is collected from various textbooks. The texts are shortened, simplified and adapted to fit the skill level and interests of the learners in addition to meet the demand of the society. The collection, with five units, provides the learners with the technical terms in informatics with the hope that they can read, understand and translate simple technical textbooks, and magazines in English. As a result, learner can communicate with their partners in the future jobs. This collection is for students at the industry and construction of college. The author is always available to welcome any of your feedback, suggestions, corrections or comment. By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương - 2- English for informatics students By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương Unit one. WHAT IS A COMPUTER? < 1 > A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operates switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The witches, like the cores, are capable of being in one of two possible states, that is , on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers , letters and characters. The basic idea of a computer is that w can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores. < 2 > The basic job of computer is the processing of information. For this reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and characters called data, perform mathematical and /or logical operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory. < 3 > Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. However, most computers, whether large or small have three basic capabilities. First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. However, certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are used to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical instruments, etc. < 4 > Some of the most common methods of inputting information are used punched cards, magnetic tape, disks, and terminals. The computer’s input device (which might be a card reader, a tape drive or disk drive, depending on the medium used in inputting information) readers the information into the computer For outputting information, two common devices used are a printer which prints the new information on paper, or a CRT display screen which shows the results on a TV- like screen. < 5 > Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decision which computer circuit can make are not of the type: “ Who would wind a war between two countries?” or “ Who is the richest person in the world ?”. Unfortunately, the computer can only decide ...