Giáo trình TOIEC part 6

Là loại so sánh gấp r​ỡi, gấp đôi, gấp 3. Nên nhớ rằng trong cấu trúc này không đ​ợ c dùng so sánh hơn kém mà phải dùng so sánh bằng.much + noun + as + many pronoun nounSubject + verb + bội số + as +Ví dụ: This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one. At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Barney. Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
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Giáo trình TOIEC part 6 b adlyI feel much better today than I d id last week.The university is farther than the mall.He has less time n ow than h e had before.Marjorie has more books than Sue.This magazine is b etter than that one.He acts worse now than ever before.+ further = more.VÝ dô:The distance from your house to school is farther than that of mine.He will come to the US for further education next year.22.5 So s¸nh ®a béLµ lo¹i so s¸nh gÊp r​ìi, gÊp ®«i, gÊp 3. Nªn nhí r»ng trong cÊu tróc nµy kh«ng ® ​î c dïng so s¸nh h¬n kÐmmµ ph¶i dïng so s¸nh b»ng. much n oun + n oun + a s + many pronoun Subject + verb + béi sè + as +VÝ dô:This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one.At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Barney.Jerome has h alf as many records n ow as I had last year.L​u ý:- Khi dïng so s¸nh lo¹i nµy ph¶i x¸c ®Þnh râ danh tõ ®ã lµ ®Õm ® ​î c hay kh«ng ®Õm ® ​îc v× ®»ng tr​í c chóngcã much vµ many.- C¸c cÊu tróc twice that much ... many (gÊp ®«i sè ®ã)chØ ® ​î c dïng trong v¨n nãi, tuyÖt ®èi kh«ng ® ​î c dïng trong v¨n viÕt.VÝ dô:We had expected eighty people at the rally, but twice that many showed up. (v¨n nãi)We had expected eighty people at the rally, but twice as many as that number showed up. (v¨n viÕt)22.6 So s¸nh kÐp (cµng ....th× cµng)Nh÷ng c©u nµy b¾t ®Çu b»ng mét cÊu tróc so s¸nh h¬n, vµ do ®ã mÖnh ®Ò thø 2 còng ph¶i b¾t ®Çu b»ng m étcÊu tróc so s¸nh h¬n. The + comparative + subject + verb + t he comparative + subject + verbVÝ dô:The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.The higher we flew, the worse Edna felt.The bigger they are, the harder they fall.The sooner y ou take your medicine, the better you will feel.The sooner y ou leave, the earlier y ou will arrive at your destination. The more + subject +verb + the + comparative + subject + verbThe more y ou study, the smarter y ou will become.The more h e rowed the boat, the farther a way he got.The more h e slept, the more irritable he became.22.7 No sooner ... than (võa míi ... th×; ch¼ng bao l©u ... th×)NÕu thµnh ng÷ no sooner x uÊt hiÖn ë ®Çu c©u th× than ph¶i ®Çu cho mÖnh ®Ò 2. L​u ý r»ng trî ®éng tõ ph¶i®øng tr​í c chñ ng÷ theo c«ng thøc sau: No sooner + auxiliary + subject + verb + than + subject + verbVÝ dô:No sooner h ad they started out for California than it started to rain.No sooner will he arrived than h e will want to leave.No sooner h ad she entered the building than she felt the presence of somebody else.L​u ý:No longer n ghÜa lµ not a ny more (kh«ng cßn... n÷a). Kh«ng bao giê ® ​îc sö dông n ot longer trong c©u mµnghÜa cña nã nh ​ vËy.John n o longer studies at the university.(John doesn’t study at the university any more).Cynthia may no longer use the library because her card has expired.(Cynthia may not use the library any more)23. D¹ng nguyªn, so s¸nh h¬n vµ so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt.PhÇn lín c¸c tÝnh tõ diÔn t¶ (tr¹ng th¸i, tÝnh c¸ch, vÎ ®Ñp...) ®Òu cã 3 d¹ng: d¹ng nguyªn (happy ), d¹ng sos¸nh h¬n (happier) vµ so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt (happiest). D ¹ng nguyªn so s¸nh so s¸nh nhÊt hot hotter hottest interesting more interesting most interesting sick sicker sickest colorful more colorful most colorful ​- D ¹ng nguyªn kh«ng chØ sù so s¸nh. Nã chØ m« t¶ phÈm chÊt ®¬n thuÇn cña 1 ng ê i, 1 vËt, hay mét nhãm(ng ​êi hoÆc vËt).VÝ dô:The house is b ig .The flowers are fragrant.- D¹ng so s¸nh h¬n chØ ra møc ®é m¹nh h¬n hay yÕu h¬n vÒ sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a 2 ng ​êi (2 vËt).VÝ dô:My dog is smarter than y ours.Bob is more atheletic than Richard.Spinach is less appealing than carrots.* Ta còng cã thÓ so s¸nh 2 thùc thÓ (ng ​ê i hoÆc vËt) mµ kh«ng sö dông than . Trong tr​êng hîp nµy thµnh ng÷of the two sÏ ®​î c sö dông trong c©u (nã cã thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u vµ sau danh tõ ph¶i cã dÊu phÈy, hoÆc ®øng ëcuèi - Xem 2 c«ng thøc d ​íi ®©y). Subject + verb + the + comparative + o f the two + (noun) h oÆc of the two + (noun), + Subject + verb + the + comparativeHarvey is the smarter of the two boys.Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier.Please give me the smaller of the two pieces of cake.Of the two landscapes that you have shown me, this one is the more picturesqu ...