Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services - Chapter 15

Khi chúng ta nghĩ về dụng cụ cầm tay, chúng ta thường nghĩ rằng búa, tua vít, kìm, nhưng một bàn chải đánh răng, một cái muỗng, một cây bút, kéo dụng cụ cầm tay. Họ là những ví dụ của các công cụ được sử dụng để tập trung lực lượng và giúp đỡ để thực hiện một loạt các nhiệm vụ. Đối với hầu hết chúng ta, dụng cụ cầm tay các công cụ nonpowered và bao gồm đục, handsaws, wrenches, xẻng, và dao. Nhiều vết thương có thể kết quả khi sử dụng dụng cụ cầm tay...
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Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services - Chapter 1515 Hand ToolsA variety of hand tools are necessary for day-to-day general maintenance.When we think about hand tools, we normally think of hammers, screwdrivers, orpliers, but a toothbrush, a spoon, a pen, scissors are also hand tools. They areexamples of tools that are used to concentrate force and help to carry out a varietyof tasks. For most of us, hand tools are nonpowered tools and include chisels, handsaws,wrenches, shovels, and knives. Many injuries can result when using hand toolsincluding cuts, lacerations, eye injuries, overuse (ergonomic related injuries), andat times slips, trips, and falls. In most instances these injuries occur due to theincorrect use, use of the wrong tool, or improper maintenance of tools. Approxi-mately 8% of all industrial accidents are caused by hand tools. The Mine Health andSafety Administration found that one out of every four accidents was due to handtools. Some examples of hand tool accidents are as follows: . Using a screwdriver as a chisel may cause the tip of the screwdriver to break off and fly, hitting the user or other employees. . If a wooden handle on a tool such as a hammer or ax is loose, splintered, or cracked, the head of the tool may fly off and strike the user or another worker. . A wrench must not be used if its jaws are sprung, because it might slip. . Impact tools such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins are unsafe if they have mushroomed heads that might shatter on impact, sending sharp fragments flying (Figure 15.1).ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Poor condition Dressed Spread MushroomedFIGURE 15.1 From safe to unsafe chisels. (Courtesy of the Department of Energy.)The employer is responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used byemployees, even personal tools if being used in the workplace. The employer shouldnot issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools. Damages or broken hand toolsshould be removed from service and a tag placed on them saying, ‘‘Do Not Use’’ or‘‘Removed from Service’’ if the tools are not thrown away. Employers should assurethat employees are trained in the proper use and handling of hand tools and otherequipment. Employees, when using saw blades, knives, or other tools, should direct toolsaway from aisle areas and away from other employees working in close proximity.Knives and scissors must be sharp; dull tools can cause more hazards than sharpones. Cracked saw blades must be removed from service. Wrenches must not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippageoccurs (Figure 15.2). Impact tools such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels mustbe kept free from mushroomed heads. The wooden handle of tools must not besplintered. Iron or steel hand tools may produce sparks that can be an ignition sourcearound flammable substances. Where this hazard exists, spark-resistant tools madeof nonferrous materials should be used where flammable gases, highly volatileliquids, and other explosive substances are stored or used. Tight fitting wrenches Teeth on jaws wom on boltsFIGURE 15.2 Wrenches from good to worn. (Courtesy of the Department of Energy.)ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety eyewear andgloves must be worn to protect against hazards that may be encountered while usinghand tools. Workplace floors are to be kept clean and as dry as possible to preventslips with or around dangerous hand tools.15.1 PREVENTING HAND TOOL ACCIDENTSTo prevent hand tool accidents certain safe work practices should be followed.Before using hand tools select the correct tool for the job. Do not use tools forjobs they are not intended for. Provide workers with training and information aboutsafer work practices and the correct methods, posture, and use of tools. Other workpractices that should be addressed are as follows: . Always use tools in such a way that a slip or miss does not result in an injury, e.g., when using sharp tools for cutting always cut away from the body or hand. . Keep the work area free of clutter and waste. . Ensure the work area has adequate lighting. . Tools, equipment, and materials should not be thrown or dropped from one employee to another or from one level to another. Hand them, handle first, directly to other workers or use a hand line. . Ensure workers are wearing appropriate protective clothing and PPE such as goggles, safety shoes, and gloves.15.1.1 HAND TOOL KEY POINTSWear approved PPE su ...