Lecture Glencoe world history - Chapter 1: The first humans (Prehistory-3500 B.C.)

The first humanlike creatures appeared in Africa four million years ago. Early humans left no written records. Without such records, archaeologists and anthropologists have had to rely on fossils, artifacts, and skeletal remains to develop theories about their lives. Researchers have concluded that the earliest humans lived as hunters and gatherers and focused on basic needs. Only millions of years later did they develop the skills and tools necessary to engage in agriculture and to build the first civilizations. The topics discussed in this chapter are early humans and the neolithic revolution.
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Lecture Glencoe world history - Chapter 1: The first humans (Prehistory-3500 B.C.)Chapter IntroductionSection 1: Early HumansSection 2: The Neolithic RevolutionVisual SummaryWhat is civilization?These cave paintings in Lascaux,France, illustrate the animals earlypeople hunted 17,000 years agoduring the Ice Age. Images likethese give us glimpses into the lifeof early humans. In this chapter,you will learn how humansgradually shifted from temporary topermanent settlements and beganestablishing civilizations.• How do you think the firsthumans got their food?• How would you definecivilization?Early HumansWhat importantdevelopments took place inthe Paleolithic Age?The NeolithicRevolution and theRise of CivilizationHow does agriculture affectour society?The BIG IdeaPhysical Geography Human life developed indifferent stages over millions of years, and by10,000 B.C., Homo sapiens sapiens had spreadthroughout the world.Content Vocabulary• prehistory • hominid• archaeology • Australopithecus• artifact • Homo sapiens sapiens• anthropology • “out-of-Africa” theory• fossilAcademic Vocabulary• theory • survivePeople and Places• Olduvai Gorge• Paleolithic AgeDo you agree that we have more tolearn about our society byunderstanding early humans?A. YesB. No A. A B. B 0% 0%Before History Scientists use fossils and artifacts as clues to how early humans lived.Before History (cont.)• Prehistory is the time before writing was developed.• Archaeology is the study of past societies through the analysis of artifacts such as tools, weapons, art, buildings.• Anthropology is the study of human life and culture.• Anthropologists use artifacts and fossils to create a picture of peoples’ everyday lives.Before History (cont.)• Methods of dating fossils and artifacts: – Radiocarbon dating – Thermo-luminescence – Microscopic and biological analysis Archaeological FindsOn which of the following fossilswould radiocarbon dating be useful?A. DinosaursB. HumansC. Tools A. A B. BD. Rocks C. C D. DEarly Development Using remains and technology, scientists identify important stages in human development.Early Development (cont.)• Hominids are the earliest humanlike creatures that first appeared in Africa four million years ago and slowly changed over time.• Skeletal remains were found by Louis and Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in 1959.Early Development (cont.)• Types of early hominids: – Australopithecus: • “southern ape” • one example was named Lucy • approximately 3.5 million years oldEarly Development (cont.) – Homo habilis: • “handy human” • lived 2.5 to 1.6 million years ago • larger brain • may have used stone tools