Remembering the Kanji volume 3

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Remembering the Kanji volume 3 CONTENTSPREFACE by Tanya Sienko 5INTRODUCTION 7 PART ONE: WRITING 1 New Primitives & Kanji Primitives 15 2 Major Primitive Elements 28 3 Miscellaneous Kanji 144 4 Western Measurements 160 5 Phonetic Characters 162 6 Old & Alternate Forms 165 PART TWO: READING 7 Old Pure Groups 177 8 New Pure Groups 203 9 Semi-Pure Groups 23610 Mixed Groups 26411 A Potpourri of Readings 29912 Kanji with Japanese Readings Only 34413 Readings of Old & Alternate Forms 35514 Supplementary Kanji 359 INDEXESINDEX 1 Number of Strokes 371INDEX 2 Keywords and Primitive Meanings 389INDEX 3 Readings 418INDEX 4 Primitive Elements 487Layout of Frames for Part One 490Layout of Frames for Part Two 491ABOUT THE AUTHORS 493 Preface Tanya SienkoWHEN I FIRST contacted Dr. Heisig with a proposal to add a third vol-ume to Remembering the Kanji, I somehow left the impression that itwas my rather esoteric needs as a scientist that left me hankering formore kanji than the 2,042 I had learned with his method. Actually, itwas not the technical prose of Yukawa and Tomonaga on ³eld theorythat were causing me my biggest headaches but ordinary Japanese nov-els. Having read mystery novels to polish my reading in other languages,I was disappointed to ³nd that the “essential” or “general-use” charac-ters were simply not enough to gain entry into the Japanese thriller.After just a few chapters, my maiden voyage ended on the rocks. Somuch for “basic literacy,” I thought to myself. And so was born the ideafor this book. During the time of the American Occupation, the Japanese writingsystem underwent a complete overhaul, which saw the number ofChinese characters to be learned during the years of compulsory educa-tion reduced to a bare minimum of 1,850. The idea was to simplify thesystem and facilitate literacy by removing rarely used kanji from circula-tion. What the reformers did not count on in their long-range plan wasthe resistance of the general public to the disappearance of many kanjicustomarily used for names. Families reacted by continuing to nametheir children with “traditional” names, but the government refused toregister the kanji. This resulted in the bizarre situation where a numberof Japanese were growing up legally nameless. In 1951 the Ministry ofEducation grudgingly backed down and approved another 92 “legal”characters for names, followed by another 28 in 1976. In 1981 thenumber of “general-use” kanji was increased in 1,945 and in 1990 the6 PREFACEkanji approved for use in names was increased to 284. This is the situa-tion at present. Of course, there were still numerous kanji outside the list that contin-ued to be used in place names, or that appeared in books publishedbefore the educational reforms and were impractical to update. Over thepast twenty years many of these exiled characters have migrated backinto daily use. Advertisers often prefer the compactness and precision ofolder kanji to their phonetic equivalents. Increasing competition hasinduced universities to include more and more “unof³cial” kanji in theirentrance examinations. And popular novelists, as always, cling tenacious-ly to their cache of little-known glyphs as a mark of the trade. Finally,the ubiquitous word processor has turned the distinction between whatis “allowed” and what is “disallowed” into something of an anachro-nism. For the foreign student who has landed in this mess, there have beenonly two alternatives: either you adhere to the of³cial list, or you stum-ble about blindly trying to improve your knowledge as best you can.The idea behind the present book was to offer a third choice: supple-mentary kanji to lay a solid basis for contemporary Japanese. In addition to the method of selection explained in Dr. Heisig’sintroduction, I myself checked the ³nal list against Edward Daub, et al.,Comprehending Technical Japanese (University of Wisconsin Press,1975), which used frequency lists to determine the 500 kanji most usedin technical writings. With the exception of characters speci³c to one³eld, this list is represented in the pages that follow. Of the many people who assisted me in this project, I would like par-ticularly to thank Ronald D. Mabbitt for help in the cross-referencingand for his many useful suggestions on the structure of the book; andKanda Yumiko P,ÆË{ for checking some of the more obscure com-pounds. IntroductionTHE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER William James once wrote that a great ideagoes through three stages on its way to acceptance. First, it is dismissedas nonsense. Then it is acknowledged as true, but insigni³cant. Finally, itis seen to be important, but not really anything new. Time and againhistory con³rms the wisdom of James’s observation, but it also remindsus that the very same bias that resists the invasion of novelty also servesto swat away many a µea-brained idea buzzing about for attention. In this connection, I must admit I am of two minds about Remem-bering the Kanji and its companion volumes. I have always had the sensethat there was something µea-brained about the whole project. Itsreception by students of the Japanese language across the world hasbeen as much a surprise to me ...