A glossary of Common development terms

Development in Viet Nam has grown tremendously in recent years as all major international bilateral and multilateral donors increased their activities. Donors, at times, experienced a common frustrating issue–the lack of a common or shared vocabulary for development term.
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A glossary of Common development terms UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME a glossary of COMMON development terms Version 2.1 Ha Noi, April 2003 FOREWORD Development in Viet Nam has grown tremendously in recent years as all major international bilateral and multilateral donors increased their activities. Donors, at times, experienced a common frustrating issue– the lack of a common or shared vocabulary for development terms. This difficulty arose in part because many of the concepts were new to Vietnamese counterparts. Development terms are also subject to evolving meanings in light of changing development practices throughout the world. In response to the need for common terminiology and in the interest of promoting donor harmonization, concerned national staff of the United Nations Development Programme in Viet Nam have compiled this Glossary of Common Development Terms. This Glossary is designed to serve as a tool for staff of the United Nations system, bilateral donors, Vietnamese counterparts, international consultants as well as other development partners that will improve understanding and communication in this complicated arena of development assistance. This Glossary has over 1,500 English main entries and nearly 1,000 derivative or associated words which can be classified into four broad groups: (i) concepts which are often used by development partners (e.g. capacity building, institutional development, sustainable development); (ii) concepts for which Vietnamese equivalents are not yet widely recognized (e.g. downstream, upstream, governance, human development); (iii) concepts which have special contexts (e.g. Capacity 21, Agenda 21, 20:20 Initiative) or common terms which have however evolved in meaning over time (e.g. result, outcome, participation); and (iv) names of major development agencies (e.g. ADB, SIDA, World Bank), and international conventions on current development issues (e.g. Convention on the Rights of the Child, Convention on Biological Diversity). The English entries not only have Vietnamese equivalents but, in many cases, are also supported by definitions, explanations or examples in order to provide exact meanings and/or clarify contextual meanings. The Glossary is therefore more than a simple list of English concepts and their Vietnamese equivalents. It is in fact meant to serve as a modest repository of development knowledge to be shared among users. The first version of this Glossary was launched for internal use within UNDP in May 2001 and formally posted on the UNDP website in April 2002. This current version has been refined and upgraded and contains new terms and an easier presentational format. However, given the extremely rich and evolving nature of development knowledge, the Glossary is far from a comprehensive or perfect publication, nor is it intended to be one. Instead, it should be seen as a living reference material which requires regular updating if it is to continue to serve as a useful working tool for Vietnamese and other development practitioners. Therefore, the inputs and suggestions of all users are most welcome. Such contributions can be sent either to the United Nations Development Programme, through registry@undp.org.vn, or directly to Mr. Phan Duc Thang at ducthang@undp.org.vn. Ha Noi, 16 April 2003 Jordan Ryan Resident Representative UNDP - Viet Nam TECHNICAL NOTES The entries in this glossary begin on Page 1 and continue in an alphabetical order from A to W. The entries are printed in heavy bold letters. The left-hand words, for example (Employment, Enrolment) are main entries and determine the alphabetical order. Those following these words are derivative words which are derived from the main entries and which denote associated concepts. A derivative entry may be followed by a tilde ( ~ ) mark, for example (Full ~ : Cã viÖc lµm ®Çy ®ñ) or proceeded by the same mark, for example (~ generation: T¹o viÖc lµm). In some cases, it may be placed between other words, for example (Net ~ ratio: Tû lÖ ®i häc ®óng tuæi). A main entry or a derivative entry can be a noun (n), a verb (v) or an adjective (adj). It may have one or more than one Vietnamese equivalent term. It may be supported by a definition, for example (i.e. prices that are set by the State) or an explanation, for example (i.e. UNICEF’s response to adjustment programmes launched by IMF during the 1980’s...) in order to give the exact meaning or context of the word. The entry may as well be illustrated by an example in order to clarify the meaning or usage, for instance (e.g. ~ to clean water: §−îc sö dông n−íc s¹ch). In some cases the example is accompanied by a Vietnamese translation, while it is not in other cases. A Vietnamese equivalent term is always written in italic while a definition, explanation and example is always written in normal letters. In all cases, however, the tilde ( ~ ) mark used throughout the glossary represents the main entry or the derivative entry and is intended to avoid a repetition of the entry itself. A Absorb (v) HÊp thô, tiÕp nhËn (e.g. To ~ a large amount of foreign aid: TiÕp nhËn mét khèi l−îng lín viÖn trî n−íc ngoµi). Absorptive capacity (n) Kh¶ n¨ng tiÕp nhËn (e.g. The ~ of the Government has improved recently). Accede to (v) Tham gia, trë thµnh thµnh viªn (e.g. To ~ an international convention: tham gia mét c«ng −íc quèc tÕ). Accession (n) Sù tham gia, trë thµnh thµnh viªn (e.g. ~ to AFTA, WTO: Tham gia Tæ chøc th−¬ng m¹i thÕ giíi, Khu vùc mËu dÞch tù do ASEAN). Access (n) TiÕp cËn, ...