Kinh doanh bền vững và những vấn đề liên quan: Phần 2

Ebook Kỷ yếu hội thảo khoa học quốc tế kinh doanh bền vững trong bối cảnh cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0: Phần 2"; ảnh hưởng của cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 đến kinh doanh bền vững; phát triển kinh doanh bền vững trong bối cảnh cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0: sáng kiến từ quốc tế đến địa phương; các vấn đề khác.
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Kinh doanh bền vững và những vấn đề liên quan: Phần 2 PHẦN 2- ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0 ĐẾN KINH DOANH BỀN VỮNG PART 2- INDUSTRY 4.0’S INFLUENCES ON BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY 244 OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 AND SOME IMPACTS ON SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS Truong Thi Thuy Lien Thai Nguyen University of Technology Abstract The fourth industrial revolution (abbreviated as the industrial revolution 4.0) is in the evolution phase and will affect all socio-economic sectors. This is an unprecedented revolution in human history, and this new production revolution is expected to have a powerful impact on all nations, governments, businesses and citizens around the globe, and at the same time alter completely production and administration systems, including sustainable business. Keywords: the industrial revolution, sustainable business, global 1. Overview of the industrial revolution 4.0 The first industrial revolution appeared in the UK, breaking out around 1784. The characteristic of this first industrial revolution was the use of water, steam and mechanized production. This industrial revolution was marked by the milestone that James Watt invented the steam engine in 1784. This great invention sparked the outbreak of the 19th century industrialism spreading from England to Europe and the United States. The first industrial revolution opened a new era in human history - the era of mechanical engineering. The first industrial revolution replaced the traditional old agricultural technique (lasted for 17 centuries), mainly based on wood, muscular strength (manual labor), water power, wind power and animal traction on a new technical system with the power of steam engines and new sources of energy, fuel and material, iron and coal. It powers the production force to develop strongly, creating a great development of the industry and the economy. This is the transition period from agricultural production to mechanized production based on science. The main economic premise of this transition stage was the victory of capitalist production relations, and the scientific premise was the creation of a new, experimental science through the revolution in science in the seventeenth century. The second industrial revolution came about from around 1870 until World War I broke out. The hallmark of the industrial revolution was the use of electrical power and the introduction of large-scale production lines. The second industrial revolution took place with the development of the electricity, transport, chemical, steel production, and especially mass production and consumption. The second industrial revolution has created new premises and a solid foundation to develop the industry at a higher level. This revolution was prepared by the 100-year development of productive forces on the basis of the mechanical engineering and by the development of science on a technical basis. The decisive factor of this revolution was the transition to electro-mechanical production and to the local automation stage of production, creating new industries on the basis of pure science, changing science into a 245 special labor force. This has opened the era of mass production, driven by the advent of electrical and assembly lines. Industrialization was even more widespread in Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and penetrated into Russia, which boomed in the beginning of World War I. In terms of socio-economic ideology, this revolution creates the successful premise of socialism on a world scale. The third industrial revolution came about in 1969, with the advent of information technology, the use of electronics and information technology to automate production. This revolution is often referred to as the computer revolution or digital revolution because it was catalyzed by the development of semiconductors, supercomputers, personal computers (1970s and 1980s) and the Internet (1990s). This revolution has facilitated the saving of natural resources and social resources, allowing fairly less cost than the means of production to produce the same amount of consumer goods. As a result, it changed the structure of social production as well as the correlations between the sector I (agriculture - forestry - fishery), II (industry and construction) and III (services) of the social production. Radically altering production forces, the modern scientific and technological revolution has affected all aspects of human social life, especially in developed capitalist countries, because this is the birthplace of this revolution. Also known as the digital revolution with the emergence of technologies such as the Internet (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), social network, cloud computing, etc., the fourth revolution began in the early 2000s. It was to transform the whole real world into a digital world. The term 'Industrie 4.0' emerged in Germany in 2013. It was then talked about high-tech strategy, computerized manufacturing without human participation. Currently, Industrie 4.0 has gone beyond the scope of the German project. It has the participation of many countries. Now, it has become an important part of the fourth Industrial Revolution. This revolution is expected to affect all aspects of the economic and social life such as textile and garment, footwear, services, health care, transportation ... even agriculture. So what is the industrial revolution 4.0? According to Gartner, the Industry Revolution 4.0 derives from the 'Industrie 4.0' concept in a German government report in 2013. 'Industrie 4.0' connects embedded systems and intelligent manufacturing facilities to generate ...