Từ và nghĩa trong tiếng anh 7

Tham khảo tài liệu từ và nghĩa trong tiếng anh 7, ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Từ và nghĩa trong tiếng anh 7 APPENDIX A Literary termsHere are a few of the most widely used literary devices.You will probably be familiar with them in practice butperhaps cannot always put a name to them.alliteration the repetition of sounds at the beginning of words and syllables Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascals ran.climax I came; I saw; I conquered!epigram a short pithy saying Truth is never pure, and rarely simple. (Oscar Wilde)euphemism an indirect way of referring to distressing or unpalatable facts Ive lost both my parents. ( = theyve died) Shes rather light-fingered. (= shes a thief)hyperbole exaggeration Jack cut his knee rather badly and lost gallons of blood. Whats for lunch? Im starving. I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers Could not, with all their quantity of love, Make up my sum. (Shakespeare: Hamlet)irony saying one thing while clearly meaning the opposite For Brutus is an honourable man. (Shakespeare: Julius Caesar)litotes understatement He was not exactly polite. (= very rude) I am a citizen of no mean city. (- St Paul boasting about Tarsus and hence about himself)metaphor a compressed comparison 219APPENDIX A LITERARY TERMS Prfwaflew downstairs, (i.e. her speed resembled the speed of a bird in flight) Sleep that knits up the ravelled sleeve of care. (Shakespeare: Macbeth) No man is an island, entire of itself. (John Donne)metonymy the substitution of something closely associated The bottle has been his downfall. ( = alcohol) The kettles boiling. ( = the water in the kettle) The pen is mightier than the sword. (= what is written)onomatopoeia echoing the sound Bees buzz; sausages sizzle in the pan; ice-cubes tinkle in the glass. Frequently, alliteration, vowel sounds and selected consonants come together to evoke the sounds being described: Only the monstrous anger of the guns Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattle Can patter out their hasty orisons. (Wilfred Owen: Anthem for Doomed Youth)oxymoron apparently contradictory terms which make sense at a deeper level The cruel mercy of the executioner brought him peace at last.paradox a deliberately contradictory statement on the surface which challenges you to discover the underlying truth If a thing is worth doing, its worth doing badly. (G. K. Chesterton)personification describing abstract concepts and inanimate objects as though they were people Death lays his icy hand on kings. Qames Shirley) 220 APPENDIX A LITERARY TERMS Often human feelings are also attributed. This extension of personification is called the pathetic fallacy. The wind sobbed and shrieked in impotent rage.pun a play on words by calling upon two meanings at once Is life worth living? It depends on the liver.rhetorical question no answer needed! Do you want to fail your exam?simile a comparison introduced by like, as, as if or as though O, my Luves like a red red rose Thats newly sprung in June. (Robert Burns) I wandered lonely as a cloud. (William Wordsworth) You look as if youve seen a ghost.synecdoche referring to the whole when only a part is meant, or vice versa England has lost the Davis Cup. ( = one person) All hands on deck!transferred epithet moving the adjective from the person it describes to an object She sent an apologetic letter. He tossed all night on a sleepless pillow.zeugma grammatical play on two applications of a word She swallowed her pride and three dry sherries. She went straight home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair. (Charles Dickens: The Pickwick Papers) 221This page intentionally left blank APPENDIX B - Parts of speechEach part of speech has a separate function.Verbs are being and doing words. It seems. She is laughing. All the pupils have tried hard. Note also these three verb forms: the infinitive (to seem); the present participle (trying); the past participle (spoken).Adverbs mainly describe verbs. He spoke masterfully. (= how) She often cries. ( = when) My grandparents live here. (= where)Nouns are names (of objects, people, places, emotions, collections, and so on). common noun: table proper noun: Emma abstract noun: friendship collective noun: swarmPronouns take the place of nouns. He loves me. This is mine. Who cares? / do.Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. a hard exercise a noisy class red wineConjunctions are joining words. co-ordinating: fish and chips; naughty bu ...